Oxytocin, Functions, Uses and Abuses: A Brief Review

N. Assad, A. Pandey, L. Sharma
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

Oxytocin a peptide hormone has the distinction of being the first among the peptide hormones to be sequenced and biochemically synthesized. Oxytocin is secreted from neural as well as non-neural sources inside the body. Among the neural sources supra-optic and paraventricular nuclei of the brain are major sources of secretion, the arcuate nucleus being a minor source. There are many non-neural sources from which synthesis of Oxytocin has been reported. The important ones include interstitial cells of Leydig in testis, epididymis, prostate glands, corpus luteum inside ovary, uterus, oviduct, placenta and adrenal glands. Oxytocin directly acts on the smooth muscle cells and causes muscle contraction. Indirectly it stimulates synthesis of PGF2α inside the female genital tract. As such the Oxytocin is involved in a wide spectrum of activities from milk letdown, parturition, penile erection and ejaculation to social, sexual and maternal behavior. Because of the spectrum of its functions it has since been used therapeutically for conditions like facilitating parturition in uterine inertia, prevent bleeding after parturition and abortion, management of incomplete abortion, milk letdown, retention of placenta etc., although the success has not been predictable. However, Oxytocin is also being misused under the false impression that its use in dairy animals increases the milk yield. Oxytocin abuse is also rampant in fruits and vegetables. This article is an attempt to explore the body of knowledge with respect to functions, uses and most importantly the abuses of this wonderful hormone.
催产素,功能,使用和滥用:简要回顾
催产素是一种肽激素,在肽激素中是第一个被测序和生化合成的。催产素由体内的神经和非神经源分泌。在神经来源中,视上核和室旁核是主要的分泌源,弓形核是次要的。有许多非神经来源的合成催产素的报道。主要有睾丸间质细胞、附睾间质细胞、前列腺间质细胞、卵巢黄体、子宫间质细胞、输卵管间质细胞、胎盘间质细胞和肾上腺间质细胞。催产素直接作用于平滑肌细胞,引起肌肉收缩。它间接刺激女性生殖道内PGF2α的合成。因此,催产素参与了一系列广泛的活动,从分泌乳汁、分娩、阴茎勃起和射精到社交、性和母性行为。由于其广泛的功能,它已被用于治疗诸如促进子宫惯性分娩,防止分娩和流产后出血,管理不完全流产,乳汁减少,胎盘潴留等情况,尽管成功尚无法预测。然而,催产素也被误用,人们误以为在奶牛身上使用催产素可以增加产奶量。水果和蔬菜中滥用催产素的现象也很普遍。本文试图探索有关这种奇妙激素的功能、用途以及最重要的滥用的知识体系。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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