Evacuation Experiments under Different Visibility Conditions: Investigating Differences Between Individuals and Groups

Wei Xie, Eric Wai Ming Lee, Yu-chun Zhang, Chunjie Mou, Wenbin Zhang, Meng Shi
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Abstract

Crowd is simplified as a collection of single individuals in many existed evacuation literatures. However, most of pedestrians actually move as social groups (e.g. family, friends, colleagues) and the existence of groups in crowd should not be neglected. In this paper, evacuation experiments were conducted in a room under various visibility levels. The fact that crowd contains individuals as well as groups is taken into account. Relationships among participants are investigated by SNA method. Quantitative and qualitative data including pre-movement time, travel time, moving speed and trajectories are analyzed and discussed. The experimental results show that travel time during evacuation is positively correlated with spatial locations, while pre-movement time depends largely on pedestrians' characteristics. The moving forms of groups have advantage over individuals when visibility is low. The pre-movement stage for groups is longer than individuals, but the travel speed for the former is faster than the latter under the worst visibility. Pedestrian's moving trajectory is zigzag bending curve in view-limited condition and its fluctuation degree increases with reduced visibility. Moreover, trajectories in group experiments have less fluctuations and the scope of moving area is larger than that in individual experiments. It is implied that evacuees hold a more stable mental state when moving in groups than evacuating individually. Group behaviors increase the possibility to actively explore information as well as space during evacuation in bad visibility.
不同能见度条件下的疏散实验:研究个体和群体之间的差异
在现有的疏散文献中,人群被简化为单个个体的集合。然而,大多数行人实际上是作为社会群体(如家人、朋友、同事)移动的,人群中群体的存在是不可忽视的。本文在不同能见度的室内进行疏散实验。考虑到群体既包含个体也包含群体。采用SNA法调查被试之间的关系。定量和定性数据包括预运动时间、运动时间、运动速度和运动轨迹进行了分析和讨论。实验结果表明,疏散过程中的行走时间与空间位置呈正相关,而预运动时间主要取决于行人的特征。当能见度较低时,群体的移动形式比个体更有优势。在能见度最差的情况下,群体的预运动阶段比个体长,但群体的移动速度比个体快。行人在视线受限条件下的运动轨迹为锯齿弯曲曲线,其波动程度随能见度的降低而增大。此外,群体实验的轨迹波动较小,运动区域范围比个体实验大。这意味着,疏散人员在集体疏散时比单独疏散时保持更稳定的心理状态。在能见度差的疏散过程中,群体行为增加了主动探索信息和空间的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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