Modeling Unsaturated Zone Water Movement in the Floodplain Wetlands of the Volta Basin

B. Nyarko
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Abstract

The unsaturated zone of floodplain wetlands in the White Volta River basin provides an inextricable link between basin hydrology and the sustenance of plant growth. The HYDRUS-1D model was used to derive water budgets and to estimate fluxes to understand the hydrological complexities of these wetland systems. The model result indicates Spatio-temporal variation in the volume of vertical fluxes. In 2005, the estimate for average simulated flux was 0.29 cm/month in June and 1.23 cm/month in July. Consequently, the hydraulic head increased from 138.94 m to 139.30 m for the period from June to July 2005. For all sample sites, the increase in hydraulic head occurs within July and October, coinciding with high surface water fluxes. From the calculated water balance, the average monthly estimate of bottom flux was 0.01 cm/month for 2004 and 1.1 cm/month for 2005. The flow through the unsaturated zone and discharging into the subsurface water system has a high dependency on both the soil structure and the volume of water infiltrating through the surface; the highest discharge is within the period of highest water input.
Volta盆地漫滩湿地非饱和带水运动模拟
白沃尔特河流域洪泛区湿地的不饱和带在流域水文和植物生长之间提供了不可分割的联系。HYDRUS-1D模型用于推导水收支和估算通量,以了解这些湿地系统的水文复杂性。模型结果反映了垂直通量体积的时空变化。2005年6月的平均模拟通量估计值为0.29 cm/月,7月为1.23 cm/月。因此,2005年6 - 7月水头由138.94 m增加到139.30 m。在所有样点,水头增加发生在7月和10月,与高地表水通量一致。从计算的水量平衡来看,2004年和2005年的月平均通量分别为0.01 cm/月和1.1 cm/月。通过非饱和带并进入地下水系统的流量对土壤结构和地表入渗水量具有高度依赖性;最大流量出现在最大进水周期内。
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