Aliphatic and Alicyclic Amines

Patty's Toxicology Pub Date : 2012-08-17 DOI:10.1002/0471435139.TOX056.PUB2

F. Cavender

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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Aliphatic and alicyclic amines are nonaromatic amines that have a straight chain, a branched chain, or a cyclic alkyl moiety attached to the nitrogen atom. Aliphatic amines are highly alkaline and tend to be fat soluble. As such, they have the potential to produce severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Corrosive burns as well as marked allergic sensitization may also occur. Volatile amines, which are characterized by boiling points lower than 100°C, are highly irritating and include methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, n-propylamine, isopropylamine, diisopropylamine, allylamine, n-butylamine, isobutylamine, sec-butylamine, tert-butylamine, and dimethylbutylamine. Workplace practice must consider these properties in developing strategies to protect workers. Toxicity information in humans continues to be limited. Although great strides in understanding the process of carcinogenicity have been made in recent years, controversies regarding potential aliphatic amine carcinogenicity are far from being resolved. Of considerable interest is the possibility of nitrosamine formation, which is both compound specific and pH dependent. Keywords: Aliphatic amines; Alicyclic amines; Odors and warnings; Eye irritant

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脂肪族和脂环胺

脂肪族胺和脂环胺是非芳香胺，它们有一个直链、一个支链或一个环烷基部分连接在氮原子上。脂肪族胺是高碱性的，往往是脂溶性的。因此，它们有可能对皮肤、眼睛和粘膜产生严重的刺激。腐蚀性烧伤以及明显的过敏反应也可能发生。挥发性胺的特点是沸点低于100℃，具有很强的刺激性，包括甲胺、二甲胺、三甲胺、乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、正丙胺、异丙胺、二异丙胺、烯丙胺、正丁胺、异丁胺、仲丁胺、叔丁胺和二甲基丁胺。工作场所在制定保护工人的策略时必须考虑到这些特性。对人类的毒性信息仍然有限。虽然近年来在了解致癌性过程方面取得了很大进展，但关于脂肪胺潜在致癌性的争议远未解决。引起极大兴趣的是亚硝胺形成的可能性，它既具有化合物特异性又依赖于pH值。关键词:脂肪族胺;脂环族胺;气味和警告;眼睛刺激

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Patty's Toxicology

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