INTRODUCTION TO HIGHLY SIDEROPHILE AND STRONGLY CHALCOPHILE ELEMENTS IN HIGH TEMPERATURE GEOCHEMISTRY AND COSMOCHEMISTRY

1区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences
J. Harvey, J. Day
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引用次数: 46

Abstract

In high-temperature geochemistry and cosmochemistry, highly siderophile and strongly chalophile elements can be defined as strongly preferring metal or sulfide, respectively, relative to silicate or oxide phases. The highly siderophile elements (HSE) comprise Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Rh, Pd, and Au and are defined by their extreme partitioning (> 104) into the metallic phase, but will also strongly partition into sulfide phases, in the absence of metal. The HSE are highly refractory, as indicated by their high melting and condensation temperatures and were therefore concentrated in early accreted nebular materials. Within the HSE are the platinum-group elements (PGE), which include the six elements lying in the d -block of the periodic table (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6), i.e., Os, Ir, Ru, Pt, Rh and Pd. These six elements tend to exist in the metallic state, or bond with chalcogens (S, Se, Te) or pnictogens (P, As, Sb, Bi). Rhenium and Au do not necessarily behave as coherently as the PGE, due to their differing electronegativity and oxidation states. For these reasons, a clear definition between the discussion of the PGE and the HSE (PGE, Re and Au) exists in the literature, especially in economic geology, industrial, or bio-medical studies. The strongly chalcophile elements can be considered to include S, Se, and Te. These three elements are distinguished from other chalcophile elements, such as Cd or Pb, because, like the HSE, they are all in very low abundances in the bulk silicate Earth (Fig. 1). By contrast with the HSE, S, Se, and Te all have far lower melting and condensation temperatures, classifying them as highly volatile elements (Table 1). Moreover, these elements are not equally distributed within chondrite meteorite groups (Fig. 2). Since their initial distribution in the Solar nebula, planetary formation and differentiation …
高温地球化学和宇宙化学中高亲铁性和强亲铜性元素简介
在高温地球化学和宇宙化学中,高亲铁性元素和强亲黄性元素可以被定义为相对于硅酸盐或氧化物相,强烈倾向于金属或硫化物。高亲铁元素(HSE)包括Re、Os、Ir、Ru、Pt、Rh、Pd和Au,它们在金属相中的分异极大(> 104),但在没有金属的情况下也会强烈分异为硫化相。HSE具有很高的难熔性,这表明它们的熔融和冷凝温度很高,因此它们集中在早期吸积的星云物质中。在HSE中是铂族元素(PGE),包括位于元素周期表d块的六个元素(第8、9和10族,第5和6周期),即Os、Ir、Ru、Pt、Rh和Pd。这六种元素倾向于以金属态存在,或与硫原(S、Se、Te)或烟原(P、As、Sb、Bi)结合。由于铼和金的电负性和氧化态不同,它们的行为不一定像PGE那样一致。由于这些原因,在文献中,特别是在经济地质学、工业或生物医学研究中,PGE和HSE (PGE、Re和Au)的讨论之间存在明确的定义。强亲铜元素包括S、Se和Te。这三种元素与其他亲铜元素(如Cd或Pb)不同,因为与HSE一样,它们在块状硅酸盐土中的丰度都很低(图1)。与HSE相比,S、Se和Te的熔融和冷凝温度都要低得多,属于高挥发性元素(表1)。此外,这些元素在球粒陨石群中的分布并不均匀(图2)。行星的形成和分化……
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来源期刊
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry
Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
39
期刊介绍: RiMG is a series of multi-authored, soft-bound volumes containing concise reviews of the literature and advances in theoretical and/or applied mineralogy, crystallography, petrology, and geochemistry. The content of each volume consists of fully developed text which can be used for self-study, research, or as a text-book for graduate-level courses. RiMG volumes are typically produced in conjunction with a short course but can also be published without a short course. The series is jointly published by the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) and the Geochemical Society.
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