DETECTION OF Acidovorax citrulli IN WATERMELON SEEDLINGS IN HOPELCHÉN, CAMPECHE, MEXICO

Abstract

In Mexico, there are no reports of the presence of Acidovorax citrulli, the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch and seedling blight in cucurbits. The introduction of A. citrulli is a latent risk due to the importation of seeds and seedlings. Fruits and plants with typical symptoms of this disease have been observed in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) production fields of small growers and commercial nurseries in the municipality of Hopelchén, Campeche. The objective was to detect A. citrulli by PCR in watermelon seedlings in a production area in Hopelchén, with the hypothesis that the bacterium is present in this municipality. In December 2018, 51 samples of nine watermelon varieties were collected from two seedling production nurseries. Each sample contained ten symptomatic seedlings ranging in age from 12 to 41 days. End-point PCR analysis with primers WFB1 and WFB2 indicated the presence of A. citrulli in 68.6 % of the samples; immuno-PCR results confirmed the presence of the bacterium in 80.9 % of these samples. Consensus 16S rRNA gene fragment sequences from eight samples aligned with 98 % similarity on average to A. citrulli sequences deposited in the GenBank-NCBI database. The dark, sunken, elongated lesions on cotyledonal leaves, as well as the black, spreading lesions from the margin to the base of true leaves observed on watermelon seedlings, were caused by A. citrulli. This study constitutes a new report of A. citrulli in Campeche, which should be considered to delimit and prevent the spread of the bacterium to other cucurbit-producing areas in Mexico.