Influence of PM2.5 on spermatogenesis dysfunction via the reactive-oxygen-species-mediated Mitogen-activated-protein-kinase signaling pathway

R. Cheepsattayakorn
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Abstract

Approximately 15 % of the world‘s couples confront childless, and about 50 % of them are due to male reproductive disorders. Several previous studies demonstrated that PM2.5 particles has been consistently associated with critical human sperm reduction and impairment of human sperm chromatin and DNA from traffic exhaust pollution. Blood-testis barrier (BTB), a critically physical barrier between the seminiferous tubules and the blood vessels prevents sperm antigens from entering the blood circulation and facilitating and initiating an autoimmune response that contributing to spermatogenesis interference. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the redox-sensitive signal transduction factors activation, such as Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p 38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) that critically influence BTB disruption. After PM2.5 exposure, there are decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) expression, increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) expression, increased expression of the four junctional proteins (β-catenin, Cx43, occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)), thus improve sperm quality and quantity. PM2.5 particles markedly induce increasing phosphorylation of MAPKs via the ROS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway that causes BTB disruption, but this effect is lesser in the vitamins C and E intervention as well as increasing cleaved caspase-3 expression and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In conclusion, combined therapeutic administration of vitamins C and E can maintain the BTB integrity, reduce oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, and prevent toxic effects.
PM2.5通过活性氧介导的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路对精子发生功能障碍的影响
世界上约15%的夫妇面临无子女的问题,其中约50%是由于男性生殖障碍造成的。之前的几项研究表明,PM2.5颗粒一直与交通尾气污染导致的人类精子数量减少、人类精子染色质和DNA受损有关。血睾丸屏障(BTB)是精小管和血管之间的重要物理屏障,可防止精子抗原进入血液循环,促进和启动导致精子发生干扰的自身免疫反应。活性氧(ROS)参与氧化还原敏感信号转导因子的激活,如nh2末端激酶(JNK)、p38、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK),它们对BTB的破坏有重要影响。PM2.5暴露后,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)表达降低,丙二醛(MDA)表达升高,核因子-红细胞2相关因子2 (nnf -2)表达升高,四种连接蛋白(β-catenin、Cx43、occludin、zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1))表达升高,从而提高精子质量和数量。PM2.5颗粒通过ros介导的MAPK信号通路显著诱导MAPKs磷酸化增加,导致BTB破坏,但在维生素C和E干预以及cleaved caspase-3表达和Bcl-2/Bax比值增加中,这种影响较小。综上所述,维生素C和E联合治疗可以维持BTB的完整性,减少氧化应激和细胞凋亡,防止毒性作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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