Early Specialization and Critical Periods in Acquiring Expertise: A Comparison of Traditional Versus Detection Talent Identification in Team GB Cycling at London 2012

IF 0.8 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Toby Staff, F. Gobet, A. Parton
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare two methodologies employed by the British Cycling talent identification program. Specifically, the authors investigated cyclists selected to represent GB cycling team at the London 2012 Olympics using (a) a traditional talent identification methodology (British Cycling Olympic Development Program), where selection is based upon race results and (b) a detection talent identification methodology (U.K. Sport Talent Team Program), which is a multi-Olympic event initiative that identifies athletic potential from physical and skill-based tests. To facilitate this comparison, the authors calculated the speed with which expertise was acquired. A Mann–Whitney U test (U = 16.0, p = .031) indicated that the speed of acquiring expertise was quicker in detection talent identification (Mdn = 5.4) than traditional talent identification (Mdn = 7.2). Practice started later with detection talent identification than with traditional talent identification (14.12 years vs. 11.23 years, respectively), which affected the period to excellence. Thus, detection talent identification resulted in an absence of early specialization, which suggests a critical period for attaining cycling expertise. The authors hypothesize a genetic basis of talent and propose that critical periods are important in detection talent identification programs.
早期专业化和获取专业技能的关键时期:2012年伦敦奥运会英国自行车队传统与检测人才识别的比较
本研究的目的是比较英国自行车人才鉴定项目采用的两种方法。具体来说,作者调查了被选中代表英国自行车队参加2012年伦敦奥运会的自行车运动员,使用了(a)传统的人才识别方法(英国自行车奥林匹克发展计划),其中选择是基于比赛结果的;(b)检测人才识别方法(英国体育人才团队计划),这是一个多奥运会项目倡议,通过身体和技能测试来识别运动潜力。为了便于比较,作者计算了获得专业知识的速度。Mann-Whitney U检验(U = 16.0, p = 0.031)表明,侦测型人才识别(Mdn = 5.4)的专业知识获取速度比传统人才识别(Mdn = 7.2)快。与传统人才识别相比,检测人才识别的实践开始时间较晚(分别为14.12年和11.23年),这影响了卓越期。因此,检测人才识别导致缺乏早期专业化,这表明获得自行车专业知识的关键时期。作者假设了人才的遗传基础,并提出关键时期在发现人才识别计划中很重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Motor Learning and Development
Journal of Motor Learning and Development Medicine-Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
15.40%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: The Journal of Motor Learning and Development (JMLD) publishes peer-reviewed research that advances the understanding of movement skill acquisition and expression across the lifespan. JMLD aims to provide a platform for theoretical, translational, applied, and innovative research related to factors that influence the learning or re-learning of skills in individuals with various movement-relevant abilities and disabilities.
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