Pattern of Lipid Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Tertiary Hospital South-West Region of Cameroon

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as a serious global health problem and frequently associated with disabling and life-threatening complications related to some modifiable risk factors. One of the modifiable factors is dyslipidemia. Because detection and treatment of dyslipidemia is one means of reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, determination of serum lipid levels in people with diabetes is now considered a standard of care. Lipid profile and fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 108 diabetic subjects were assessed. Dyslipidaemia was defined using the national cholesterol education programme–adult treatment panel III (NCEP-ATP III) criteria. BMI and waist circumferences were measured. The mean of the body mass index was 29.85 ± 6.32 kg/m2 with the males having 27. 23 ± 5.29 kg/m2 while the females had 30. 90 ± 6.43 kg/m2. The mean duration of DM was 57.80 ±13.72 month for males while for females it was 6.58 ± 7.11 month. Also 23(74.19%) of the male patients had a waist circumference ≥ 120 cm and 8(25.81%) had a waist circumference A‹Â‚120 cm while for female patients, 64(83.12%) had waist circumference ≥ 88 cm and 13(16.88%) had a waist circumference A‹Â‚88 cm. The mean TC (4.77 ± 1.13 vs 5.13 ± 1.24 P=0.1711) and LDL-C (2.79 ± 0.95 vs 2.98 ± 1.25 P=0.4016) were slightly higher among the female subjects but the differences were not significant from males, while HDL-C (1.53 ± 0.50 vs 1.40 ± 0.42 P=0.2006) and TG (1.35 ± 0.66 vs 0.61 ± 0.18 P=0.3424) were higher among the male subjects but were not statistically different from the females. Ninety-eight diabetic patients had at-least one lipid value or the other outside of the clinical target giving it a prevalence of 88.89%. The most frequent lipid combination was ↑TC+↑LDLc. There was no significant correlations between the anthropometric indices and the lipid profile. It is important to realise that hyperlipidaemia and the resultant macro vascular disease can develop even in the 'prediabetic phase' of type 2 DM. Hence, early detection and correction of dyslipidaemic state is essential in the management of diabetic patients.