Valeramide and Halo-phenol in a Non-polar Liquid: DFT Based Characterization and Reactivity, Non-covalent Interaction, and Dielectric Relaxation Studies

Abstract

Valeramide and halogenated phenol in solvent benzene have been studied using DFT. Dielectric relaxation studies have also been undertaken. The wave functional characteristics like reduced density gradient (RDG), electron localization function (ELF), localized orbital locator (LOL) are also evaluated. It has been found that the computed FMO energies accurately depict the characteristics of electron excitation which provide an explanation for the charge transfer. MEP analysis is done to identify electrophilic and nucleophilic sites. The theoretical analysis of the UV-Visible spectrum using the TD-DFT method in solution and the computational investigation of spectroscopic wavenumbers was also carried out (IR, Raman). Thermodynamic properties of title compound at different temperatures was carried out. Various dielectric parameters, like the dielectric constant ${\text{ε}}^{\prime },$ the dielectric loss ${\epsilon }^{″}$ at microwave frequency, the static dielectric constant ε₀ and the dielectric constant ε_∞ at optical frequency, were measured across five distinct molar ratios (i.e. 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1). While the relaxation time τ₂ for group rotation is utilized to identify the steric interaction of the proton donor, Higasi’s single-frequency equation is proven to measure multiple relaxation time τ₁ to determine the intensity of hydrogen bonding. At a 1:1 (molar ratio), the values of relaxation time were found to be high. Molecular docking was done in a supplementary effort to support intermolecular interactions.