DYNAMICS OF ACCUMULATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS L. PLANTS GROWN IN THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF CRIMEA

O. Pekhova, L. Timasheva, I. Danilova, I. Belova
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Abstract

Hyssopus officinalis L. is a promising essential oil plant of complex use containing various types of biologically active substances (BAS). The purpose of the research was twofold: study the features of accumulation of various types of BAS in H. officinalis plants grown in the foothill zone of the Crimea; assess the possibility to use them in perfumery, cosmetics, food industry, pharmacy and medicine. The research was conducted in 2017–2019 in the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. The raw materials of H. officinalis (population with blue flowers) grown without irrigation served as the research material. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of raw materials and different types of BAS were determined according to generally accepted methods. Structural analysis of H. officinalis showed that the aboveground part of plants during the growing season had the following fractional composition: leaves (21.4–70.6 %), stems (18.8–30.9 %), inflorescences (22.0−59.1 %). The ratio of fractions by phases of vegetation varied, namely: in the phase of regrowth, leaves prevailed – 70.6 % but, at the end of the flowering, their content decreased to 21.4 %; the content of inflorescences reached its maximum in the phases of mass flowering and end of flowering 53.3–59.1 %. The main oil-synthesizing organs of H. officinalis were leaves and inflorescences. The highest yield amount of H. officinalis essential oil was obtained from inflorescences (1.94 %), which in the fractional composition of the raw material amounted to 53.3 %. The maximum amount of essential oil of specific quality accumulated in plants during the phase of mass flowering (1.26 % in terms of absolutely dry weight). The dominant components of essential oil are ketones: isopinocamphone and pinocamphone (75.9–78.6 %). A high level of phenolic compounds was determined in the phases of regrowth and flowering; extractive substances – in the budding phase; tannins – in the phase of mass flowering. During the storage of air-dry raw materials for two years, insignificant losses of essential oil occur (up to 20.2 %); its component composition changes (hydrocarbons amount decreased by 2.5–22.7 %; ketones – increased by 3.4–16.2 %). The content of other types of BAS during storage of raw materials increased by 10–30 %. Therefore, it is advisable to store air-dry raw materials of Hyssopus officinalis for two years or longer.
克里米亚山麓地区生长的马蹄草植物中生物活性物质积累的动态
马蹄草(Hyssopus officinalis L.)是一种具有多种生物活性物质的有前途的复合用途精油植物。本研究的目的有两方面:一是研究克里米亚山麓地区officinalis植物中各类BAS的积累特征;评估它们在香水、化妆品、食品工业、制药和医药领域的应用可能性。该研究于2017-2019年在FSBSI“克里米亚农业研究所”进行。以不灌水栽培的铁皮石斛(蓝花种群)为研究材料。根据普遍接受的方法确定原料和不同类型BAS的定性和定量特性。结构分析表明,木荷生长季节植物地上部分的结构组成为叶片(21.4 ~ 70.6%)、茎(18.8 ~ 30.9%)、花序(22.0 ~ 59.1%)。不同植被阶段所含组分的比例不同,即:在再生阶段,叶片含量占70.6%,但在花期结束时,其含量下降至21.4%;花序含量在大量花期和花期结束时达到最大值,为53.3 - 59.1%。山茱萸的主要油合成器官是叶片和花序。从花序中提取的黄樟精油得率最高(1.94%),占总挥发油的53.3%。植物在大量开花期间积累的特定品质精油的最大量(绝对干重的1.26%)。精油的主要成分为酮类:异戊二烯酮和皮诺二烯酮(75.9% ~ 78.6%)。在再生和开花阶段,酚类化合物含量较高;萃取物-在萌芽阶段;单宁-在大量开花阶段。在风干原料贮存两年期间,精油的损失不明显(高达20.2%);其组分组成发生变化(烃类含量减少2.5 ~ 22.7%;酮类——增长3.4 - 16.2%)。其他类型的BAS在原料储存过程中的含量增加了10 - 30%。因此,牛膝草原料宜风干保存两年以上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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