Transición del paciente con diabetes tipo 1 desde la Unidad de Diabetes pediátrica a la Unidad de Diabetes de adultos

Abstract

The transition of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from paediatric health care to adult health care has been recognized as an important and difficult process, with a high risk of interruption of care and associated with poor glycaemic control. Transition to adult units takes place during adolescence in an especially critical period of life with changes, both in psychological and physiological aspects that increase the risk of onset and progression of chronic complications related to T1DM.

Adverse outcomes that may affect the health of these patients can appear if transition is not done properly. Previous studies have shown that planned and structured transition programs are required, including the participation of the individual, the family, and the health service. The best time to make the transition is when they are mature enough to be almost capable of managing their T1DM. The majority of patients do not reach this stage before the age of 16-18 years.

There should be coordination between professionals of paediatric and adult health care in the planning of this transition. Group education programs, the use of new technologies, and the approach to psychosocial aspects are suggested in order to improve adherence and follow-up during this period. After assessing the recommendations of some International Scientific Societies, the Spanish Society of Diabetes and the Spanish Society for Pediatric Endocrinology propose following a planned transition model.