Implementing the United States' Domestic and International Climate Mitigation Goals: A Supportive Fiscal Policy Approach

I. Parry
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The United States has pledged to become carbon neutral by 2050, meet sectoral objectives (e.g., for carbon free power, electric vehicles) and encourage greater mitigation among large emitting countries and of international transportation emissions. Fiscal policies at the national, sectoral, and international level could play a critical role in implementing these objectives, along with investment, regulatory, and technology policies. Fiscal instruments are cost-effective, can enhance political acceptability, and do not worsen, or could help alleviate, budgetary pressures. Domestically, a fiscal policy package could contain a mix of economy-wide carbon pricing and revenue-neutral feebates (i.e., tax-subsidy schemes) with the latter reinforcing mitigation in the transport, power, industrial, building, forestry, and agricultural sectors. Internationally, a carbon price floor among large emitters (with flexibility to implement equivalent measures) could effectively scale up global mitigation, while levies/feebates offer a practical approach for reducing maritime and aviation emissions.
实施美国国内和国际气候减缓目标:一种支持性财政政策方法
美国已承诺到2050年实现碳中和,实现部门目标(如无碳电力、电动汽车),并鼓励排放大国和国际交通运输排放的更大缓解。国家、行业和国际层面的财政政策,以及投资、监管和技术政策,可以在实现这些目标方面发挥关键作用。财政工具具有成本效益,可以提高政治上的可接受性,不会加剧或有助于减轻预算压力。在国内,一揽子财政政策可包括全经济范围内的碳定价和收入中性收费(即税收补贴计划),后者可加强交通、电力、工业、建筑、林业和农业部门的减排。在国际上,大型排放国之间的碳价格下限(可灵活实施同等措施)可有效扩大全球减排规模,而征税/收费则是减少海运和航空排放的一种切实可行的办法。
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