COVID-19: Associated Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Pathology and Therapies from Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Abstract

: More frequently than first believed, kidney involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked to morbidity and mortality. Similar to the etiology of other types of AKI, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 AKI is most likely complex. Although rates of COVID-19 AKI vary significantly across studies and geographical areas, the information currently available points to an incidence of > 20% in hospitalized patients. There are several similarities between COVID-19 AKI and AKI resulting from non-viral causes observed in the ICU, including risk factors, potential processes, and prognosis. Despite noticeably decreased kidney function, acute tubular damage is frequently present, even though it is often minor. Tubular damage most likely results from systemic hemodynamic instability. Despite COVID-19 being referred to as a cytokine storm syndrome, patients with COVID-19 frequently have lower amounts of circulating cytokines than those with acute respiratory distress syndrome from causes other than COVID-19. The prevention and treatment of COVID-19 AKI are poorly understood. Regional'surges in COVID-19 cases might restrict hospital resources, particularly the availability of supplies for dialysis; as a result, thorough daily monitoring of the resources at hand is required. Based on the most recent research, the Acute Disease Quality Initiative recommends diagnosing, preventing, and managing COVID-19 AKI in this Consensus Statement. Additionally, we sought to enhance comprehension of the underlying mechanisms and enhance patient outcomes for COVID-19 AKI. It is essential to comprehend the core molecular mechanisms and the pathophysiology of kidney damage and AKI in COVID19 to create appropriate management plans and therapeutic designs.