Cooperation Between Institutions of the European Union and Its Member States in the Creation of Climate Protection Policy

Piotr Świat, Joanna Bukowska
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Abstract

Climate policy is a complexed area of cooperation between Member States and European Union institutions. The ambitious goals that the EU sets for itself in this matter are not always possible to be met by all Member States, hence the ability to work out compromise solutions is of great importance. Member States have different internal conditions, which determine the objectives of their economic and energy policies, therefore they do not always have convergent interests in this area. The decision-making centre where EU climate protection policy is created is: the European Council, where key elements of this policy are agreed (such as reduction targets), and so-called an ‘institutional triangle’, i.e. EU Council, European Parliament and European Commission which are directly involved into the legislative process. This configurations is a platform where cooperation of the Member States manifests itself in various forms and intensity and where these countries may attempt to force their interests in the process of creating EU policy. The authors present the legal bases of the European Union's competences in the field of climate policy and the role of the EU institutions in its creation with particular focus on mechanisms that allow Member States to influence the shape of that policy.
欧盟各机构及其成员国在制定气候保护政策方面的合作
气候政策是成员国和欧盟机构之间合作的一个复杂领域。欧盟在这个问题上为自己设定的雄心勃勃的目标并不总是所有会员国都能实现的,因此,制定妥协解决办法的能力是非常重要的。各会员国有不同的内部条件,这些条件决定了其经济和能源政策的目标,因此它们在这一领域的利益并不总是一致的。制定欧盟气候保护政策的决策中心是:欧洲理事会,该政策的关键要素(如减排目标)在这里达成一致;以及所谓的“机构三角”,即欧盟理事会、欧洲议会和欧盟委员会,它们直接参与立法过程。这种结构是成员国以各种形式和强度进行合作的平台,这些国家可能试图在制定欧盟政策的过程中强加自己的利益。作者介绍了欧盟在气候政策领域的能力的法律基础,以及欧盟机构在制定气候政策方面的作用,并特别侧重于使成员国能够影响该政策形成的机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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