CLASS TENSIONS IN THE GAMES OF HOMER: EPEIUS, EURYALUS, ODYSSEUS, AND IROS

IF 0.2 4区 历史学 0 CLASSICS
THOMAS F. SCANLON
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引用次数: 2

Abstract

Three contest scenes in Homer reveal a thematic concern with class tension: the two contests with Epeius in Iliad 23, Odysseus's encounter with Euryalus in Odyssey 8, and Odysseus's boxing match with Iros in Odyssey 18. Epeius is a comic scapegoat who succeeds in challenging the elite Euryalus, boasts ineptly, and is later ridiculed. Odysseus in Odyssey 8 is also challenged by a (different) nobleman named Euryalus, whom Odysseus rebukes, saying that a man cannot be skilled in all things and that one ought not judge by appearances. The ‘skilled man’ phrase found both in the Epeius episode and in that with Odysseus (Il. 23.670–71; Od. 8. 59–60), highlights the intertextuality and focuses on the theme of merit over appearances. Finally the Iros–Odysseus boxing match parodies and parallels the above epic-challenge scenes. Each episode fosters consideration of the essential ambiguity of class relations in the period of transition to the polis c. 700 bce.

荷马游戏中的阶级紧张关系:埃庇俄斯、欧律亚罗斯、奥德修斯和伊罗斯
《荷马史诗》中的三个比赛场景揭示了对阶级紧张的主题关注:《伊利亚特》第23章中与埃庇俄斯的两场比赛,《奥德赛》第8章中奥德修斯与欧律亚罗斯的相遇,以及《奥德赛》第18章中奥德修斯与艾洛斯的拳击比赛。埃庇尤是一个滑稽的替罪羊,他成功地挑战了精英欧律亚罗斯,拙劣地吹嘘,后来被嘲笑。在《奥德赛》第8章中,奥德修斯也受到了另一位贵族欧律亚罗斯的挑战。奥德修斯斥责欧律亚罗斯说,一个人不可能精通所有的事情,不应该以貌取胜。“熟练的人”这个短语既出现在埃庇俄斯的故事中,也出现在奥德修斯的故事中(Il. 23.670-71;Od。8。59-60页),强调了互文性,并着重于价值高于表象的主题。最后,艾洛斯-奥德修斯的拳击比赛模仿并类比了上述史诗般的挑战场景。每个章节都促进了对公元前700年向城邦过渡时期阶级关系本质上的模糊性的思考。
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