Overview of West Nile Virus

Abstract

F laviviruses had an extensive spread around the universe. West Nile Virus (WNV) is a zoonotic virus that threatens health of humans and animals and causes several epidemics for both hosts. Additionally, it has economic losses due to the expense of treatment of diseased cases, control programs, and animal losses. The epidemic spillover and spreading of the viruses is geographically distinguished in the last few decades. The epidemiological features of WNV are controlled by its insect vectors, their geo-graphical distribution, climatic changes, and changes in arthropods' habitat as a consequence of the change in urbanization behavior as well as the global travel movements. National and international surveillance for WNV transmission is an important strategy to track the virus's spread and effective management methods.