Formulation of Inherently Antimicrobial Magnesium Oxychloride Cement and Effect of Supplementation with Silver Phosphate

Morgan Lowther, Thomas E. Robinson, Victor Villapun, C. Stark, L. Grover, S. Cox
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Abstract

The growing threat of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is driving an increasing need for new antimicrobial strategies. This work demonstrates the potential of magnesium oxychloride cements (MOC) to be used as inorganic antimicrobial biomaterials for bone augmentation. An injectable formulation was identified at a powder to liquid ratio of 1.4 g mL-1, with initial setting time below 30 mins and compressive strength of 35 MPa. Supplementation with Ag3PO4 to enhance antimicrobial efficacy of MOC was considered, and shown via real-time X-ray diffraction to retard formation of hydrated oxychloride phases by up to 30%. The antimicrobial efficacy of MOC was demonstrated in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus, with cement extracts after 72 hours of aging reducing the concentration of viable bacteria by a factor 107 CFU mL-1 after 24 hours culture. Enhanced efficacy was seen for silver doped formulations, with complete eradication of detectable viable colonies within 3 hours. Investigating the antimicrobial mode of action revealed that Mg and Ag release and elevated pH contributed to efficacy. Interestingly, sustained silver release was demonstrated over 14 days, suggesting the Ag3PO4 modified formulation offers two mechanisms of infection treatment, combining the inherent antimicrobial properties of MOC with controlled release of inorganic antimicrobials.
天然抗菌氯氧镁水泥的配方及添加磷酸银的效果
细菌对抗生素耐药性的威胁日益严重,促使人们越来越需要新的抗微生物策略。这项工作证明了氯氧镁水泥(MOC)作为无机抗菌生物材料用于骨增强的潜力。确定了粉液比为1.4 g mL-1,初凝时间小于30 min,抗压强度为35 MPa的注射配方。研究人员认为,添加Ag3PO4可以增强MOC的抗菌效果,并通过实时x射线衍射显示,添加Ag3PO4可以延缓水合氯化氧相的形成,最多可延缓30%。MOC在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果得到了验证,龄期72小时的水泥提取物在培养24小时后使活菌浓度降低了107 CFU mL-1。银掺杂制剂的功效增强,在3小时内完全根除可检测的活菌落。研究抗菌作用模式表明,Mg和Ag的释放和pH的升高有助于疗效。有趣的是,银的持续释放超过14天,这表明Ag3PO4修饰的配方提供了两种感染治疗机制,结合了MOC固有的抗菌特性和无机抗菌药物的控释。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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