Language situation in dynamic Eurasian region: Introducing the special issue

Abstract

Eurasia is vast, covering enormous territories with distinctly different landscapes, climates, and time zones. Throughout the centuries, the inhabitants of these territories have moved, encountered various challenges and threats, adapted to new living conditions, changed their accustomed ways of life, and consistently had to communicate with both fellow inhabitants and strangers. The languages spoken in this region have also undergone constant changes, adapting to the communicative needs of their speakers. Stretching from Eastern Europe to Central Asia and the Far East, Eurasia holds a unique position as a convergence point for diverse linguistic traditions. The languages spoken within this region belong to numerous language families, including IndoEuropean, Turkic, Finno-Ugric, Tungusic, Mongolic, and several others, forming a rich tapestry of histories, cultural interactions, and linguistic evolution. Furthermore, the socio-political developments have had a significant impact on the language situations in different regions. Some languages or language variants have gained prestige and influence, while others have fallen into disuse and disappeared. State authorities have actively promoted languages they deem strategically advantageous and have sometimes attempted to suppress those they perceive as threats to national unity or independence. Political, religious, and cultural activists have pursued their own agendas, contributing to the complex mosaic of efforts aimed at managing language situations. In recent years, the Eurasian region has undergone substantial socio-political and economic transformations, which have had far-reaching effects on linguistic diversity and language practices within the region. The dissolution of the Soviet Union, the emergence of independent nationstates, and the growing interconnectedness of the global community have all contributed to remarkable changes in the linguistic landscape. This special issue seeks to offer a comprehensive exploration of these shifts and their implications for language usage, identity, and intercultural communication within the Eurasian context. The primary focus is on the Eurasian region as a linguistically diverse, multiethnic, and multicultural setting, providing a lens through which to examine these phenomena. Multilingualism, language contacts, and socially loaded linguistic variation form an integral part of everyday life within diverse linguistic communities across the globe. The capacity to speak multiple languages or navigate various linguistic registers equips individuals with a wider array of communicative tools and facilitates intercultural comprehension and access to opportunities. People often adjust their language use to align with specific social contexts, adhering to linguistic norms or indicating their affiliation with particular groups. These linguistic variations can bear cultural significance and serve as markers of identity and belonging. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in regions characterized by linguistic diversity, such as the Eurasian region. Recognizing the significance of multilingualism is essential for numerous reasons. Firstly, it serves as a catalyst for effective communication and promotes intercultural understanding within diverse societies. By being proficient in multiple languages, individuals can establish connections, bridge cultural gaps, and gain a deeper appreciation for different perspectives. Furthermore, the study of multilingualism and language contacts plays a crucial role in the preservation and revitalization of minority languages. By actively supporting and promoting these languages, we contribute to the maintenance of cultural heritage and diversity. Language choices and variations also carry social implications. They can signal social status, solidarity, or resistance, thereby shaping interactions and social hierarchies. Acknowledging and respecting these variations are crucial in fostering inclusivity, combating language-based