Exploring Usable Path MTU in the Internet

A. Custura, G. Fairhurst, Iain R. Learmonth
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

To optimise their transmission, Internet endpoints need to know the largest size of packet they can send across a specific Internet path, the Path Maximum Transmission Unit (PMTU). This paper explores the PMTU size experienced across the Internet core, wired and mobile edge networks. Our results show that MSS Clamping has been widely deployed in edge networks, and some webservers artificially reduce their advertised MSS, both of which we expect help avoid PMTUD failure for TCP. The maximum packet size used by a TCP connection is also constrained by the acMSS. MSS Clamping was observed in over 20% of edge networks tested. We find a significant proportion of webservers that advertise a low MSS can still be reached with a 1500 byte packet. We also find more than half of IPv6 webservers do not attempt PMTUD and clamp the MSS to 1280 bytes. Furthermore, we see evidence of black-hole detection mechanisms implemented by over a quarter of IPv6 webservers and almost 15% of IPv4 webservers. We also consider the implications for UDP - which necessarily can not utilise MSS Clamping. The paper provides useful input to the design of a robust PMTUD method that can be appropriate for the growing volume of UDP-based applications, by determining ICMP quotations can be used as to verify sender authenticity.
探索可用的路径MTU在互联网上
为了优化它们的传输,互联网端点需要知道它们可以通过特定互联网路径发送的最大数据包大小,即路径最大传输单元(PMTU)。本文探讨了在互联网核心、有线和移动边缘网络中所经历的PMTU尺寸。我们的研究结果表明,MSS夹紧已广泛部署在边缘网络中,一些web服务器人为地减少其广告MSS,我们期望这两种方法有助于避免TCP的PMTUD失败。TCP连接使用的最大数据包大小也受到acMSS的限制。在超过20%的边缘网络测试中观察到MSS夹紧。我们发现有相当大比例的web服务器仍然可以通过1500字节的数据包达到低MSS。我们还发现超过一半的IPv6网络服务器不尝试PMTUD,并将MSS箝制到1280字节。此外,我们看到超过四分之一的IPv6网络服务器和近15%的IPv4网络服务器实施了黑洞检测机制的证据。我们还考虑了UDP的影响-这必然不能利用MSS夹紧。本文为设计健壮的PMTUD方法提供了有用的输入,该方法可以通过确定ICMP引语来验证发送方的真实性,从而适用于基于udp的应用程序的不断增长的数量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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