Chemical Composition of Apples Cultivated in Norway

GM crops Pub Date : 2021-05-17 DOI:10.3390/CROPS1010003
T. Wicklund, S. Guyot, J. Le Quéré
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引用次数: 10

Abstract

The composition of apples varies with both cultivar and horticultural practice. Knowledge about the chemical composition of different cultivars in particular sugars, organic acids, nitrogen compounds and polyphenols is essential, since they are directly related to the progress of fermentation monitoring and the organoleptic qualities of produced ciders. Fifteen apple cultivars grown in two locations in Norway were investigated for their chemical composition, including polyphenol profiles. The nitrogen content varied from 43.2 to 171.4 mg N/L between the cultivars, and the sum of free amino acids varied from 42.4 to 924.5 mg/kg. Asparagine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid were the dominating amino acids. Flavanols, consisting of catechins and procyanidins, were the dominating polyphenols, followed by hydroxycinnamic acids. The cultivar Bramley Seedling was highest in the sum of polyphenols by HPLC (1838 mg/L) and relatively low in nitrogen content (75 mg N/L). Summerred was lowest in the sum of polyphenols (87 mg/L) and highest in nitrogen (171.4 mg N/L). Sugar content, measured as density in the juice, varied between 1034 and 1060 g/L. Using cider categorization of apples, ’Bramley Seedling’ would be defined as sharp, while the others are sweet cultivars.
挪威栽培苹果的化学成分
苹果的成分随栽培和园艺方法的不同而不同。了解不同品种的化学成分,特别是糖、有机酸、氮化合物和多酚是必不可少的,因为它们直接关系到发酵监测的进展和所生产的苹果酒的感官品质。研究人员调查了生长在挪威两个地点的15个苹果品种的化学成分,包括多酚谱。各品种氮素含量在43.2 ~ 171.4 mg N/L之间,游离氨基酸总量在42.4 ~ 924.5 mg/kg之间。天冬氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸是主要氨基酸。黄烷醇主要由儿茶素和原花青素组成,其次是羟基肉桂酸。高效液相色谱法测定,布兰利幼苗的多酚含量最高(1838 mg/L),氮含量较低(75 mg N/L)。多酚含量最低(87 mg/L),氮含量最高(171.4 mg N/L)。含糖量,以果汁的密度来衡量,在1034和1060克/升之间变化。用苹果酒的分类,“布拉姆利幼苗”被定义为尖锐的,而其他品种则是甜的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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