Preventing mental disorders and promoting mental health in the workplace

Abstract

Mental health problems, of which depression a paradigmatic example, are an increasing concern. Despite the generalization of mental health care in our environment, the incidence of depression continues to grow and it is now one of the leading causes of disability. Globally, its estimated cost is one trillion dollars per year, mainly due to decreased productivity from work absenteeism. Most mental health care is carried out in clinical settings, which limits early detection and the possibility of acting on the incidence of mental conditions. Thus, early intervention strategies are needed in the fields of prevention (primary and secondary) and mental health promotion. The work environment is considered the ideal place for these activities since the general population spends a large part of their time there. According to the World Health Organization, intensifying mental health care in the general population will result in a high economic return: for every dollar invested in depression and anxiety four dollars are saved, mainly through increased productivity at work. Intervention costs could be shared with the private sector, since companies will be interested in the economic return. Workplace interventions can impact work performance, which is a central domain of mental health promotion and is affected by workload, lack of participation and control, monotonous and unpleasant tasks, poor interpersonal relationships, precarious working conditions, and lack of leadership and communication. A number of interventions have been found to effectively reduce depressive symptoms and prevent their onset. They involve different formats (individual, group, self-administered, face-to-face, or telematic) and content (psychoeducation, exercise promotion, and psychological therapies). However, further research is needed to determine which have the best results. Professional care in the workplace also allows early detection of mental disorders and referral for treatment. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and due to its impact on the mental health of the working population, telehealth interventions may allow safer and more inexpensive interventions. A recent meta-analysis found that the mental health of health care workers has been especially affected, and thus this group is of particular interest. One in four health professionals have suffered significant depressive symptoms during the pandemic, and more than one in three are suffering from burnout. Other symptoms include insomnia, anxiety and post-traumatic features. They are being prioritized in public health policies. In conclusion, interventions to prevent mental disorders and promote mental health in the workplace are costeffective and could decrease the incidence of depression and reduce work absenteeism. During the COVID-19 pandemic, telehealth interventions for health professionals are highly important.