Analiza holoceńskich zmian środowiskowych w rynnie glacjalnej pomiędzy jeziorem Gopło a Jeziorem Szarlejskim i ich wpływ na osadnictwo w okresie od neolitu do nowożytności na podstawie badań osadów jeziornych oraz danych archeologicznych i historycznych

Abstract

The aim of the study is to analyze environmental changes in the area between Gopło and Szarlejskie Lakes. The Noteć River flows through this area, connecting both lakes. The lakes could have been connected and functioned as Wielkie Gopło. Geological reconnaissance was based on five boreholes drilled with a soil auger. The samples were subjected to granulometric analyses and the content of organic matter and calcium carbonate was determined. Eight samples were radiocarbon-dated using the AMS method. Recognition of the valley bottom settlement was done through spatial analysis using six Archaeological Project Records sheets. The results of the research allowed separating three phases of the area development: lake, bog and lake again. The beginning of the last lake development phase and its evolution have not been precisely dated and require research. Archaeological data demonstrate the poor settlement use of the glacial trough. Throughout the prehistoric period, settlement was concentrated at an altitude of 80–85 m above sea level, in the edge zone of trough. This means that the area was marshy and inaccessible for settlement. Drainage, regulation works in the Noteć river basin and industrial activities, led to the lowering of the groundwater level and weakened the lake’s recharge. Consequently, the lake disappeared from the studied area.