Set of enzymatic bioassays for assessment of soil pollution

Доклады Академии наук Pub Date : 2019-11-10 DOI:10.31857/s0869-56524891103-107

Е. М. Kolosova, Е М Колосова, О. S. Sutormin, О С Сутормин, Е. N. Esimbekova, Е Н Есимбекова, V. Lonshakova-Mukina, В. И. Лоншакова-Мукина, V. Kratasyuk, В А Кратасюк

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Abstract

A concept of the comprehensive assessment of soil contamination is proposed. In this concept, the conclusion regarding the presence of toxic substances in a sample, which is being analyzed, is connected with the inhibition of enzymatic reactions that are responsible for various functions of a live organism, such as luminescence, respiration, etc., these functions are taken as test functions in classical bioassays, which are using live objects (luminous bacteria, daphnia, algae, etc.). The regularities of the impact of different classes of toxicants on the activity of individual enzymes or coupled oligo-enzyme chains have been established. These enzyme reactions are selected as potential test objects - markers of pollution. The set of enzymatic bioassays consists of three enzyme systems with maximum sensitivity to different classes of toxicants: butyrylcholinesterase, NAD(P)H:FMN‑oxidoreductase + luciferase and lactate dehydrogenase + NAD(P)H:FMN‑oxidoreductase + luciferase. The possibility of using enzymes instead of living organisms in the bioassay of natural complex systems is shown.

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评价土壤污染的酶生物测定方法

提出了土壤污染综合评价的概念。在这个概念中，关于被分析样品中存在有毒物质的结论与酶促反应的抑制有关，酶促反应负责生物体的各种功能，如发光、呼吸等，这些功能在经典生物测定中被视为测试功能，这些功能使用活的物体(发光细菌、水蚤、藻类等)。不同种类的毒物对单个酶或偶联寡酶链活性影响的规律已经确立。这些酶反应被选为潜在的测试对象——污染的标志。这套酶生物测定法由三种酶系统组成，对不同类型的毒物具有最大的敏感性:丁基胆碱酯酶、NAD(P)H:FMN氧化还原酶+荧光素酶和乳酸脱氢酶+ NAD(P)H:FMN氧化还原酶+荧光素酶。在自然复杂系统的生物测定中，使用酶代替生物体的可能性被展示出来。

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