Formation the elements of productivity of winter wheat by seed dressing application the slow-acting complex fertilizers

Abstract

Optimization of plant nutrition in the initial stages of the development is important for the formation of productive elements of the main and additional spikes and grain yield. The article presents the results of the studying of the effect of slow-release chlorine-free fertilizers in seed dressing application at the rate of 100 kg/ha on the formation of productive elements in winter wheat compared with the zone control (nitroammophoska) and a variant without fertilizers. Field research was conducted in 2019–2021 on winter bread wheat cultivars Bohdana and Samurai. The fertilizers produced by FertinAgro were studied: DuraSOP with the content of NPK(S) – 9:20:12:(15), 10:10:17:(20), and 4:26:12:(10). It is established that the influence of weather conditions on the variability of grain weight per spike, grain number per spike, thousand kernel weight significantly exceeded the studied factors in both cultivars. The formation of productivity elements under the impact of the studied fertilizers depended on the cultivars and manifested themselves in different ways in different weather conditions. DuraSOP fertilizers did not have a significant difference in the effect on grain number and weight per spike in cv. Bohdana compared to the control in arid conditions, but grain weight from spike increased to 1.74–1.78 g compared to the application of nitroammophoska, and grain number per spike varied insignificantly under favorable conditions. Application of DuraSOP fertilizers in cv. Samurai allowed to form 1.17–1.21 g of grain in spike under the arid conditions and 1.47–1.49 g – in the favorable conditions, which did not differ significantly from the control. The DuraSOP ActiBION increased the number of productive shoots by 8.4% and DuraSOP Phos – by 7.7% in cv. Bohdana, while only DuraSOP Phos significantly affected the productive shoots in cv. Samurai (an increase of 3.8%). Application of slow-release fertilizers allows obtaining grain yield of 6.58 to 7.03 t/ha in cv. Bohdana and 6.61–6.80 t/ha in cv. Samurai. Fertilizers have higher efficiency in cv. Bohdana, while there was a significant increase in cv. Samurai only when DuraSOP Phos was applied (0.31 t/ha or 4.8%). The application of slow-release fertilizers also increases the protein content in the grain by 0.3-0.5%. Sensitivity of cultivars to different ratios of macronutrients in pre-sowing fertilizers is one of the elements of technology that have a high impact on wheat cultivation, so the use of effective forms can increase yields up to 11.4% compared with typical fertilizers.