Developing Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) Curves Based on Rainfall Cumulative Distribution Frequency (CDF) for Can Tho City, Vietnam

Abstract

Information on the relationship between rainfall intensity, duration and accumulation frequency or return period (IDF) is commonly utilized in the design and management of urban drainage systems. Can Tho City, located in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta, is a city which has recently invested heavily in upgrading its stormwater drainage systems in the hope of preventing reoccurring flood events. Yet, much of these works were designed based on obsolete and outdated IDF rainfall curves. This paper presents an updated IDF curve for design rainfall for Can Tho City. For each duration and designated return period, a cumulative distribution function (CDF) was developed using the Pearson III, Log-Pearson III, and Log-Normal distribution functions. In order to choose the best IDF rainfall curve for Can Tho City, the CDF rainfall curve and empirical formulas used in Vietnam and Asia (Vietnamese standard 7957:2008, Department of Hydrology, Ministry of Transportation, Talbot, Kimijima, and Bermard) were compared. The goodness of fit between the IDF relationship generated by the frequency analysis (CDF curve), and that predicted by the IDF empirical formulas was assessed using the efficiency index (EI), and the root mean squared error (RMSE). The IDF built from Vietnam’s standard TCVN 7957:2008 with new parameters (A = 9594, C = 0.5, b = 26, n = 0.96) showed the best performance, with the highest values of EI (0.84 ≤EI≤ 0.93) and the lowest values of RMSE (2.5 ≤RMSE≤ 3.2), when compared to the other remnants.