« Je me sens déshandicapée ». Approche anthropologique de la chirurgie de l’obésité et des situations de sortie de handicap

Abstract

In 2014, the European Court of Justice recognized, for the first time, that severe obesity could be considered as a disability at work. This recognition, not yet applied in France, emerges in a context where obesity as a disease to treat seems to be consensus. The development of obesity surgery and its medical results are reinforcing this perspective. The lack of public debate in France on this potential handicap recognition of obesity, and simultaneously the frequent use of the term disability or “de-disability” by people operated to discuss the effects of this surgery are two findings at the origin of the article. In an ethnographic approach, it is proposed to give an account of the way in which people, experimenting this corporal transformation, participate in redefining obesity, bariatric surgery and disability, before the debates and political decisions that could trigger this recognition of disability. Starting from the emic neologism “de-disability”, the thread of the article, it is questioned the idea of exit from disability and entry into normality, showing that these situations confront the people operated with new social injunctions and examine the relationship between disability and normality in an original way.