Regional Weather Variations and Yields Achieved in Soybean Crops

Abstract

Monitoring weather conditions during soybean cultivation is essential in agricultural planning. The variation of these conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and soil moisture directly influence the productive performance of crop.With this, the objective of the work was to verify the effects of weather conditions on the soybean yield, carrying out the survey of the minimum, maximum and average temperature and the total precipitation during the cultivation of the soybean and collecting the data of productivity reached in the agricultural harvests of 2017/2018, 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 of soybeans in a commercial area with 15.5 ha, located in the Céu Azul City, Paraná State, Brazil. Regarding the results for the three soybean harvests, the air temperature remained adequate for the development of the crop in most of the cycle. And the values observed for precipitation indicated the occurrence of well-distributed rainfall in the 2019/2020 harvest, and in the 2017/2018 harvest there was irregular rainfall distribution, however there were no periods without precipitation. However, the large precipitation deficit occurred in the 2018/2019 harvest, where the lack of rain occurred in 28 days, between 12/03/2018 and 12/30/2018, indicating a drought in this period. The soybean yield obtained in the area in the 2019/2020 harvest was 3.727 t ha-1, higher than the other two soybean harvests, being that 2018/2019 harvest reaching the lowest value, 2.394 t ha-1, indicating the influence of the weather in the soyben yield achieved.