Congenital Knee Dislocation: Which Classification to Follow?

Abstract

Congenital knee dislocation (CKD) was first reported by a Swiss physician Chatelaine, in the year 1822 [1], but even after the passage of two centuries, the exact treatment protocol is still debatable. CKD is a hyperextension deformity of the knee with anterior tibia displacement, present at birth. It may be idiopathic or syndromic (Larsen’s syndrome, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, myelomeningocele) [2 4]. The incidence of CDK is 1/100,000 in live births [5, 6]. To make it simple, it is 1% of the incidence of congenital hip dislocation [7, 8]. The exact etiology remains unknown. CDK manifests in the second half of pregnancy [9]. It has been associated with certain factors, including extrinsic factors such as intrauterine packaging disorders, breech presentations, and intrinsic factors like genetic malformation, but most of the cases are sporadic.