Study of Perfluoro Organic Solvent Novec 1230 Extraction Properties in Regards to Low Polar Substances from Plant Raw Materials

Abstract

The purpose of this work is an experimental study of the extraction properties of Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent in regards to various types of low-polar biologically active substances from plant materials. For the study purposes, we used the following ground plant raw materials with particle size 0.1-0.5 mm: Anethum graveolens L. fruits, Eucalyptus viminalis Labill. leaves, Foeniculum vulgare Mill. fruits, Hypericum perforatum L. herb, Pastinaca sativa L. fruits, Pimpinella anisum L. fruits, Syzygium aromaticum L. buds (Clove buds), and Tumeric powder. For analytical purposes, we used the following standard samples: eugenol, carvone, trans-anethole, xanthotoxin, evcalimin, and spissum extract of Chlorophyllipt of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Novec 1230 was used as a perfluoro organic solvent. RP HPLC and GC-MS were used as quantitative and qualitative analytical methods, respectively. For the extraction, we used the circulation method in “Soxhlet” extractor at the following conditions: plant raw material:extractant ratio 1:5 m/v, extraction time 1 and 3 h. It is found that in three hours of extraction with Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent, the low molecular weight components of essential oils are as follows: anethole and carvone (yield≥94%); eugenol is poorly extracted from Syzygium aromaticum L. buds (yield<50%); and chlorophylls, fatty oil, and a number of other low-polar biologically active substances are not extracted. The results obtained are comparable with the technologies for low-polar BAS extraction using liquefied gases or supercritical fluids. The extraction properties of Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent were studied experimentally for various types of lowpolar biologically active substances from plant materials. It was found that a very limited number of low-polar biologically active substances are extracted into this type of perfluoro organic solvent, these are mainly components of essential oils, while triglycerides, chlorophylls, and a number of other low-polar biologically active substances are not extracted into this solvent. It is shown that the extraction properties of Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent are related to the polar part of TPSA parameter in low-polar BAS molecules. The limit value of TPSA was found in a molecule of low-polar BAS (LTPSA≤30 ± 5 Å2), above which BAS are not extracted into Novec 1230 perfluoro organic solvent. Keywords—perfluoro organic solvent Novec 1230, extraction properties, low-polar biologically active substances, limiting value of TPSA, circulation method in “Soxhlet” extractor.