Exports and Wages: Rent Sharing, Workforce Composition or Returns to Skills?

Mario Macis, F. Schivardi
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引用次数: 73

Abstract

We use linked employer-employee data from Italy to explore the relationship between exports and wages. Our empirical strategy exploits the 1992 devaluation of the Italian Lira, which represented a large and unforeseen shock to Italian firms' incentives to export. The results indicate that the export wage premium is due to exporting firms both (1) paying a wage premium above what their workers would earn in the outside labor market – the "rent-sharing" effect, and (2) employing workers whose skills command a higher price after the devaluation – the "skill composition" effect. The latter effect only emerges once we allow for the value of individual skills to differ in the pre- and post-devaluation periods. In fact, using a fixed measure of skills, as typically done in the literature, we would attribute the wage increase only to rent sharing. We also document that the export wage premium is larger for workers with more export-related experience. This indicates that the devaluation increased the demand for skills more useful for exporting, driving their relative price up.
出口与工资:租金分担、劳动力构成还是技能回报?
我们使用来自意大利的关联雇主-雇员数据来探索出口与工资之间的关系。我们的实证策略利用了1992年意大利里拉的贬值,这对意大利公司的出口动机造成了巨大的、不可预见的冲击。结果表明,出口工资溢价是由于出口企业(1)支付高于其工人在外部劳动力市场上的工资溢价——“租金分担”效应,以及(2)雇用在货币贬值后技能要求更高价格的工人——“技能构成”效应。只有当我们考虑到个人技能的价值在货币贬值前后有所不同时,后一种效应才会出现。事实上,使用固定的技能衡量标准,就像文献中通常做的那样,我们将工资增长只归因于租金分担。我们还证明,对于具有更多出口相关经验的工人来说,出口工资溢价更大。这表明,货币贬值增加了对对出口更有用的技能的需求,推高了它们的相对价格。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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