Measuring Risks to Tribal Community Health and Culture

B. Harper, Stuart G. Harris
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引用次数: 7

Abstract

This paper provides a framework for evaluating risks in Indian Country. All cultures depend on environmental quality for their survival, but the health of tribal communities and their individual members is so intertwined with their environment as to be inseparable. The foundation of risk assessment, characterization, and management in Indian Country rests on the federal trust responsibility to protect the people, their homelands, and their natural and cultural resources. Thus, tribal risk assessments must include the probabilities of adverse health, ecological, and cultural impacts in order to be relevant to the affected tribal community and government. This paper presents several environmentally-focused methods for evaluating overall tribal community health risk and eco-cultural health impacts. Elements of this environmentally-based risk assessment include a culturally-sensitive human exposure scenario, ecological risk assessment that includes species of cultural concern, the evaluation of impacts to environmental functions and services, measurement of impacts to socioeconomic and sociocultural health, and a risk characterization step that combines of all these risks and impacts in a way that tells the whole story about impacts to the place or resource from the community's trusteeship perspectives. While these elements are likely to be common to most tribal risk assessments, it must also be recognized that each tribe's ecology, history, culture, and government are unique, so every tribal risk assessment will be unique. Several ways to evaluate tribal community health and eco-cultural risk are presented that include environmental functions and services, sociocultural and socioeconomic health impact measurement, and risk characterization. It is hoped that by presenting some initial methods for characterizing and comparing risks that are relevant to tribal cultures and communities an interdisciplinary discussion will be sparked that brings together the disciplines of social impact assessment, comparative risk (quality of life), natural resource valuation, public health, and conventional toxicity-based risk assessment.
衡量部落社区健康和文化的风险
本文提供了一个评估印度农村风险的框架。所有文化的生存都依赖于环境质量,但部落社区及其个人成员的健康与环境交织在一起,不可分割。印第安人地区的风险评估、特征描述和管理的基础是联邦政府保护人民、他们的家园、他们的自然和文化资源的信托责任。因此,部落风险评估必须包括对健康、生态和文化造成不利影响的可能性,以便与受影响的部落社区和政府相关。本文提出了几种以环境为重点的方法来评估整体部落社区健康风险和生态文化健康影响。这种基于环境的风险评估的要素包括:对人类接触文化敏感的情景、包括文化关注物种的生态风险评估、对环境功能和服务影响的评估、对社会经济和社会文化健康影响的衡量、还有一个风险描述步骤,将所有这些风险和影响结合起来,从社区托管的角度讲述对地方或资源的影响。虽然这些因素可能是大多数部落风险评估的共同之处,但也必须认识到每个部落的生态、历史、文化和政府都是独特的,因此每个部落的风险评估都将是独特的。提出了几种评估部落社区健康和生态文化风险的方法,包括环境功能和服务、社会文化和社会经济健康影响测量以及风险表征。希望通过提出一些初步的方法来描述和比较与部落文化和社区有关的风险,从而引发一场跨学科的讨论,将社会影响评估、比较风险(生活质量)、自然资源评估、公共卫生和传统的基于毒性的风险评估等学科结合起来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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