Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Prostate Cancer

M. Rice, Tanya Stoyanova
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引用次数: 14

Abstract

Since its discovery, elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been the measurement to indicate possibility of prostate cancer, as well as biochemical recurrence following treatment. Although PSA has led to decrease in prostate cancer–related mortalities, PSA is a nonspe - cific prostate cancer biomarker reflective of other prostate-related conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), resulting in a high false-positive rate. This has led to overtreat - ment of men with clinically insignificant disease. While most prostate cancer patients have slowly progressive disease and should be treated conservatively, roughly 10% of patients will progress to have metastatic disease, of which the majority of prostate cancer deaths can be attributed. Stratifying these patients based on prognosis so that they may benefit from aggressive treatment is critical to their survival. Biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis and subsequent prognostic screening have significantly advanced this field. Here, we review some of the current blood, tissue, and urine biomarker tools used to measure an array of molecules including DNA, RNA, protein, or even epigenetic modifications. Utilizing the technologies described here, as well as looking to the future, correct early identification of prostate cancer with powerful prognostic value is much closer than ever before. to its androgen independent function, AR-V7 has been implicated in the resistance to second-generation anti-androgen therapies. be tumor (CTCs) is with to second including and , the as a selection biomarker.
前列腺癌诊断和预后的生物标志物
自发现以来,前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的升高一直是前列腺癌可能性以及治疗后生化复发的指标。虽然PSA已经导致前列腺癌相关死亡率的降低,但PSA是一种非特异性的前列腺癌生物标志物,反映了其他前列腺相关疾病,如良性前列腺增生(BPH),导致假阳性率很高。这导致了对患有临床无关紧要疾病的男性的过度治疗。虽然大多数前列腺癌患者病情进展缓慢,应保守治疗,但大约10%的患者会发展为转移性疾病,其中大多数前列腺癌死亡可归因于转移性疾病。根据预后对这些患者进行分层,以便他们可以从积极的治疗中获益,这对他们的生存至关重要。前列腺癌诊断和预后筛查的生物标志物显著推进了这一领域的发展。在这里,我们回顾了一些目前的血液、组织和尿液生物标志物工具,用于测量一系列分子,包括DNA、RNA、蛋白质,甚至表观遗传修饰。利用这里描述的技术,以及展望未来,正确的早期识别具有强大的预后价值的前列腺癌比以往任何时候都更接近。AR-V7与第二代抗雄激素治疗的耐药有关。肿瘤(ctc)作为一种选择性的生物标志物,被认为是第二种。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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