Ionic liquid-plasticised composites of chitosan and hybrid 1D and 2D nanofillers

Functional Composite Materials Pub Date : 2021-09-26 DOI:10.1186/s42252-021-00026-0

Pei Chen, Fengwei Xie, Fengzai Tang, Tony McNally

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Abstract

The focus of this research was to study the effect of combining nanofillers with different geometry and surface chemistry on the structure and properties of biopolymers as an alternative to traditional plastics. How the inclusion of 2D graphene oxide (GO) or reduced GO (rGO) combined with 1D sepiolite (SPT) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) affect the structure and properties of chitosan and chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) materials was investigated. A 3D interconnected microstructure formed, composed of GO and SPT due to the strong interactions between these hydrophilic nanofillers. The chitosan/CMC/GO/SPT composite had the highest tensile strength (77.5 ± 1.2 MPa) and Young’s modulus (1925.9 ± 120.7 MPa). For the un-plasticised matrices, hydrophobic rGO nanosheets generally hindered the interaction of SPT or CNCs with the polysaccharides (chitosan and CMC) and consequently, composite properties were mainly determined by the rGO. However, for the chitosan matrix plasticised by 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C₂mim][OAc]), rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT disrupted polymer chain interactions more effectively than the nanofillers when added alone and resulted in the chitosan being more plasticised, as shown by increased chain mobility, ductility, and surface hydrophilicity. For the [C₂mim][OAc]-plasticised chitosan/CMC matrix, the advantages of including hybrid fillers, rGO + CNCs or rGO + SPT, were also obtained, resulting in higher thermal stability and surface hydrophobicity.

Graphical Abstract

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壳聚糖与 1D 和 2D 混合纳米填料的离子液体塑化复合材料

本研究的重点是研究不同几何形状和表面化学性质的纳米填料组合对生物聚合物结构和性能的影响，以替代传统塑料。研究了二维氧化石墨烯（GO）或还原型 GO（rGO）与一维海泡石（SPT）或纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）的结合如何影响壳聚糖和壳聚糖/羧甲基纤维素（CMC）材料的结构和性能。由于这些亲水性纳米填料之间的强烈相互作用，形成了由 GO 和 SPT 组成的三维互连微结构。壳聚糖/CMC/GO/SPT 复合材料具有最高的拉伸强度（77.5 ± 1.2 兆帕）和杨氏模量（1925.9 ± 120.7 兆帕）。对于未塑化基质，疏水性 rGO 纳米片通常会阻碍 SPT 或 CNC 与多糖（壳聚糖和 CMC）的相互作用，因此复合材料的性能主要由 rGO 决定。然而，对于用 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐（[C2mim][OAc]）塑化的壳聚糖基质，与单独添加纳米填料相比，rGO + CNCs 或 rGO + SPT 能更有效地破坏聚合物链的相互作用，并使壳聚糖的塑化程度更高，这表现在链的流动性、延展性和表面亲水性都有所提高。对于[C2mim][OAc]塑化壳聚糖/CMC基质，加入混合填料（rGO + CNCs 或 rGO + SPT）也具有优势，可获得更高的热稳定性和表面疏水性。

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Functional Composite Materials

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