Invertebrate trace fossils from Paleogene fluvial strata in Western Washington, USA

IF 0.8 4区 地球科学 Q4 PALEONTOLOGY
G. Mustoe
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Abstract Fluvial strata in the Paleogene Chuckanut Formation contain a wealth of trace fossils that include both vertebrate and invertebrate ichnofossils. Vertebrate traces have received careful scrutiny, but invertebrate traces have not previously been described. Trace fossils occur in two sediment types. Mudstones deposited in subaqueous environments include highly bioturbated layers that are dominated by horizontal meniscate burrows. Siltstone and fine-grained sandstone beds primarily contain vermiform trails on bedding surfaces, with sparse vertical traces. Some of these sandy beds also contain vertebrate tracks. Chuckanut Formation beds commonly show rapid facies changes in sediments that were deposited along a meandering river during a time of semitropical climate. Transitions from subaqueous to subaerial conditions may have been related to changing water levels caused by variations in seasonal precipitation or episodic flood events. Other possible factors include ponds created by abandonment of channels, overbank sediment s deposited by floods, and breaching of levees to form crevasse splay deposits. Trace fossil assemblages show local variations in the diverse depositional environments of the Chuckanut Formation. Many of the ichnofossil suites clearly represent Scoyenia Ichnofacies, but some occurrences may involve overprinting of Scoyenia and Mermia ichnofacies.
美国华盛顿西部古近系河流地层中发现的无脊椎动物化石
古近系Chuckanut组河流地层中含有丰富的微量化石,包括脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的鱼化石。脊椎动物的痕迹已经得到了仔细的审查,但无脊椎动物的痕迹以前没有被描述过。痕迹化石出现在两种沉积物类型中。沉积在水下环境的泥岩包括高度生物扰动层,以水平半月形洞为主。粉砂岩和细粒砂岩层在层理表面主要含有蠕虫状痕迹,垂直方向上有稀疏的痕迹。其中一些沙床上还有脊椎动物的足迹。在亚热带气候时期,沿着蜿蜒的河流沉积的楚卡努特组沉积物通常表现出快速的相变化。从水下到陆上条件的转变可能与季节性降水变化或偶发洪水事件引起的水位变化有关。其他可能的因素包括河道废弃形成的池塘,洪水沉积的河堤沉积物,以及决堤形成的裂缝状沉积物。微量化石组合显示了楚卡努特组不同沉积环境下的局部差异。许多岩化石套清楚地代表斯科耶尼亚岩相,但有些产状可能涉及斯科耶尼亚岩相和莫米亚岩相的重叠。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
12.50%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The foremost aim of Ichnos is to promote excellence in ichnologic research. Primary emphases center upon the ethologic and ecologic significance of tracemaking organisms; organism-substrate interrelationships; and the role of biogenic processes in environmental reconstruction, sediment dynamics, sequence or event stratigraphy, biogeochemistry, and sedimentary diagenesis. Each contribution rests upon a firm taxonomic foundation, although papers dealing solely with systematics and nomenclature may have less priority than those dealing with conceptual and interpretive aspects of ichnology. Contributions from biologists and geologists are equally welcome. The format for Ichnos is designed to accommodate several types of manuscripts, including Research Articles (comprehensive articles dealing with original, fundamental research in ichnology), and Short Communications (short, succinct papers treating certain aspects of the history of ichnology, book reviews, news and notes, or invited comments dealing with current or contentious issues). The large page size and two-column format lend flexibility to the design of tables and illustrations. Thorough but timely reviews and rapid publication of manuscripts are integral parts of the process.
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