Compatibility and Performance Testing of Communications Systems

H. C. Kyle
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Abstract

During the normal progress of design, fabrication, and integration of communications subsystems for spacecraft and for ground installations, every effort is made to assure that the equipment meets certain specifications relating to performance, environment, reliability, and interface capability. These specifications are based on the best available definition of requirements and interface characteristics of complementing subsystems. Frequently, in the field of manned spaceflight, the spacecraft subsystems, the launch vehicle subsystems, and the ground systems must be designed and constructed concurrently. This means that the operating and interface characteristics of one subsystem are not available for use by the engineers in the design of the other subsystems. Close technical liaison among the various engineering groups is essential in the accomplishment of overall systems' integrity. Component and subsystem testing has been developed to a high degree, but the results of these are necessarily limited. They cannot validate the overall systems' performance and compatibility. It is considered mandatory that the interfacing subsystems be mated to form a complete system in a controlled test environment as early as practicable in any program, especially in one involving communications systems as new and as complex as those for Apollo. This must be accomplished at such a phase in the program that corrective engineering details can be fed back to the cognizant design, fabrication, or integration groups involved in time for necessary modifications prior to the beginning of the flight phase.
通信系统的兼容性和性能测试
在航天器和地面设施通信子系统的设计、制造和集成的正常过程中,尽一切努力确保设备符合有关性能、环境、可靠性和接口能力的某些规范。这些规范是基于需求的最佳可用定义和补充子系统的接口特征。在载人航天领域,航天器子系统、运载火箭子系统和地面系统往往需要同时进行设计和施工。这意味着一个子系统的操作和接口特性不能供工程师在设计其他子系统时使用。各个工程小组之间的密切技术联络对于实现整个系统的完整性至关重要。组件和子系统的测试已经发展到很高的程度,但是这些测试的结果必然是有限的。它们不能验证整个系统的性能和兼容性。在任何项目中,接口子系统都被认为是强制性的,在一个可控的测试环境中,尽可能早地形成一个完整的系统,特别是在一个涉及通信系统的项目中,像阿波罗项目那样的新系统和复杂系统。这必须在项目的这样一个阶段完成,即纠正工程细节可以及时反馈给相关的设计、制造或集成小组,以便在飞行阶段开始之前进行必要的修改。
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