Multifaces of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP):From Neuroprotection and Energy Homeostasis to Respiratory andCardiovascular Systems

Journal of metabolic syndrome Pub Date : 2014-09-19 DOI:10.4172/2167-0943.1000162

A. Diane, G. W. Payne, S. Gray

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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) belongs to the secretin/glucagon/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family and is one of the most highly conserved neuropeptides. The effects of PACAP are mediated through three G-protein coupled receptors: PAC1R, which has specific affinity for PACAP, and VPAC1 and VPAC2 that have equal affinity for both PACAP and VIP. PACAP and PAC1R are widely expressed and distributed throughout the body, including the central nervous system, the gastro-intestinal tract, the endocrine pancreas, the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. With this widespread tissue distribution, PACAP has been shown to be a pleiotropic peptide exerting a range of physiological functions. Within the body, PACAP serves as a neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, neurotrophic factor, neuroprotectant, secretagogue, and neurohormone. In this present review, we provide current insight on the role of PACAP in neuroprotection, its role in energy homeostasis and the impact PACAP may have on respiratory and cardiovascular disease. We conclude with an outlook for the future of PACAP-related research.

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垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(PACAP)的多面体:从神经保护和能量稳态到呼吸和心血管系统

垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽(Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, PACAP)属于分泌素/胰高血糖素/血管活性肠肽(vascular - active intestinal peptide, VIP)家族，是高度保守的神经肽之一。PACAP的作用是通过三种g蛋白偶联受体介导的:对PACAP具有特异性亲和力的PAC1R，以及对PACAP和VIP具有同等亲和力的VPAC1和VPAC2。PACAP和PAC1R在全身广泛表达和分布，包括中枢神经系统、胃肠道、内分泌胰腺、呼吸系统和心血管系统。由于这种广泛的组织分布，PACAP已被证明是一种发挥一系列生理功能的多效肽。在体内，PACAP具有神经递质、神经调节剂、神经营养因子、神经保护剂、促分泌剂和神经激素等功能。在这篇综述中，我们就PACAP在神经保护中的作用、其在能量稳态中的作用以及PACAP可能对呼吸和心血管疾病的影响提供了最新的见解。最后，对pacap相关研究的未来进行了展望。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Journal of metabolic syndrome

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