A Novel Approach for Optimizing Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing of Gas Condensate Horizontal Wells

Karem Al-Garadi, A. Aldughaither, Mustafa Ba alawi, H. Al-Hashim, Najmudeen Sibaweihi, M. Said
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Abstract

Condensate banking has been identified to cause significant drop in gas relative permeability and consequently reduction of the productivity of gas condensate wells. To overcome this problem, hydraulic fracturing has been used as a mean to minimize or eliminate this phenomenon. Furthermore multistage hydraulic fracturing techniques have been used to enhance the productivity of horizontal gas condensate wells especially in low permeability formation. Even though multistage hydraulic fracturing has provided an effective solution for condensate blockage to some extent as it promotes linear flow modes which will minimize the pressure drops and consequently improves the inflow performance considerably. However, this technique is very costly, and has to be optimized to get the best long-term performance of the multistage fractured horizontal gas condensate wells. In this paper, multiple sensitivity analyses were conducted in order to come up with an optimum multistage hydraulic fracturing scenario. In these analyses, our manipulations were focused mainly on the operational parameters such as fractures half length, fractures conductivity using compositional commercial simulator. CMG-GEM simulator was used to investigate the different cases proposed for applying multistage hydraulic fracturing of horizontal gas condensate wells. The investigation began with a base case scenario where the fractures half-length were fixed for all stages with equal spacing between them. Then, six more fractures half-length patterns were created by introducing new approach where the well performance was studied if they are in increasing trend away from the wellbore (coning-up), or in a decreasing trend (coning-down). Well performance is furtherly addressed when the fractures half-length arrangements formed parabolic shapes including both occasions of concaving upward and downward. Finally, the last two patterns illustrated the effect of having the fractures half-length arrangements both skewed to the left and right on well productivity. The investigation of the effect of changing the multistage hydraulic fractures half-length distribution patterns on the performance of a gas condensate well was conducted and resulted in parabolic up distribution pattern to be the optimum pattern amongst the other tested ones. It results in the highest cumulative both gas and condensate production. It also maintains the gas flow rate and bottom hole pressure more efficiently. The parabolic up distribution pattern confirms that the majority of gas production was fed by the fractures at the heel and at the toe of the horizontal drainhole which is in agreement with the flux distribution along the horizontal well.
凝析水平井多级水力压裂优化方法研究
凝析油堆积已被确定会导致气体相对渗透率显著下降,从而降低凝析气井的产能。为了克服这一问题,水力压裂被用作最小化或消除这一现象的手段。此外,多级水力压裂技术已被用于提高水平凝析气井的产能,特别是在低渗透地层中。尽管多级水力压裂在一定程度上为凝析油堵塞提供了有效的解决方案,因为它促进了线性流动模式,从而使压降最小化,从而大大改善了流入性能。然而,该技术成本很高,并且必须对其进行优化,以获得多级压裂水平凝析气井的最佳长期性能。本文进行了多重敏感性分析,以得出最佳多级水力压裂方案。在这些分析中,我们的操作主要集中在裂缝半长、裂缝导流性等操作参数上。利用CMG-GEM模拟装置,对水平井多级水力压裂应用的不同情况进行了研究。研究开始于一个基本情况,即所有压裂段的裂缝半长都是固定的,裂缝之间的间距相等。然后,通过引入新的方法,又创建了6条裂缝半长模式,在这些模式中,如果裂缝在远离井筒的地方呈增加趋势(上升),或呈减少趋势(下降),则对井的性能进行研究。当裂缝半长排列形成抛物线形状,包括向上和向下两种情况时,井的性能进一步得到解决。最后,最后两种模式说明了裂缝半长排列向左和向右倾斜对油井产能的影响。研究了多级水力裂缝半长分布模式的变化对凝析气井生产性能的影响,得出了抛物线向上分布模式是众多测试模式中的最佳分布模式。这使得天然气和凝析油的累积产量最高。它还能更有效地保持气体流速和井底压力。抛物线向上的分布模式证实了大部分产气是由水平排气孔的跟端和趾端裂缝供给的,这与沿水平井方向的通量分布一致。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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