Analyzing and visualizing polarization and balance with signed networks: the U.S. Congress case study

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
A. Capozzi, Alfonso Semeraro, G. Ruffo
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

Signed networks and balance theory provide a natural setting for real-world scenarios that show polarization dynamics, positive/negative relationships and political partisanship. For example, they have been proven effective in studying the increasing polarization of the votes in the two chambers of the U.S. Congress from World War II on Andris, Lee, Hamilton, Martino, Gunning & Selden (2015, PLoS ONE, 10, 1–14) and Aref & Neal (2020, Sci. Rep., 10, 1–10). To provide further insights into this particular case study, we propose the application of a pipeline to analyze and visualize a signed graphs configuration based on the exploitation of the corresponding Laplacian matrix spectral properties. The overall methodology is comparable with others based on the frustration index, but it has at least two main advantages: first, it requires a much lower computational cost and second, it allows for a quantitative and visual assessment of how arbitrarily small subgraphs (even single nodes) contribute to the overall balance (or unbalance) of the network. The proposed pipeline allows the exploration of polarization dynamics shown by the U.S. Congress from 1945 to 2020 at different resolution scales. In fact, we are able to spot and point out the influence of some (groups of) congressmen in the overall balance, as well as to observe and explore polarizations evolution of both chambers across the years.
用签名网络分析和可视化两极分化和平衡:美国国会案例研究
签名网络和平衡理论为显示极化动态、积极/消极关系和政治党派关系的现实世界场景提供了一个自然的设置。例如,他们在研究二战以来美国国会两院选票日益分化的Andris, Lee, Hamilton, Martino, Gunning & Selden (2015, PLoS ONE, 10,1 - 14)和Aref & Neal (2020, Sci。众议员,10,1 - 10)。为了进一步深入了解这个特定的案例研究,我们提出应用管道来分析和可视化基于相应的拉普拉斯矩阵谱性质的有符号图配置。基于挫折指数的总体方法与其他方法相当,但它至少有两个主要优点:首先,它需要更低的计算成本;其次,它允许定量和可视化地评估任意小的子图(甚至单个节点)如何对网络的整体平衡(或不平衡)做出贡献。提议的管道允许探索美国国会从1945年到2020年在不同分辨率尺度上显示的极化动态。事实上,我们能够发现和指出一些(群体)国会议员在整体平衡中的影响,并观察和探索多年来两院的两极分化演变。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
ACS Applied Bio Materials
ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)
CiteScore
9.40
自引率
2.10%
发文量
464
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