Energy intake, overweight, physical exercise and colorectal cancer risk.

A. Giacosa, S. Franceschi, C. L. Vecchia, A. Favero, R. Andreatta
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引用次数: 86

Abstract

Epidemiological studies on risk factors for CRC have focused mainly on diet. In any case, the results of these studies show several inconsistencies, except for the beneficial role of high intake of vegetables and, to some lesser extent, of fruit. Weight and height have also been studied, partly because they reflect the balance between energy intake and expenditure in different age periods. Energy intake, body size and physical activity will be reviewed in this paper focusing mostly on recent data coming from Italian, English and Scandinavian studies. Overweight has long been recognized as a risk factor for hormone related and other cancers and this is confirmed not simply from case-control studies but from large cohort studies as well. The major findings of recent Italian studies are that excessive weight at various ages predicts colorectal cancer risk in men while in women, abdominal obesity, as indicated by a high WHR, represents a more reliable risk indicator. If all men could reduce their BMI below 25, about 9% of male colorectal cancer might be avoided in Italy. A decrease of WHR below 0.82 might reduce colorectal cancer in women by 19%. In addition, the epidemiological evidence consistently shows that physical activity reduces the risk of colon cancer. On the contrary, evidence on rectal cancer is less impressive. Some uncertainty still exists in relation to the intensity and duration of physical activity. In conclusion, body size control along all life and physical activity represent important factors to prevent colon cancer and a wide range of chronic conditions. Therefore, strategies to favour these goals through counselling from health-care providers, regulatory changes and programs aimed at individuals and communities should be implemented.
能量摄入、超重、体育锻炼和结直肠癌风险。
结直肠癌危险因素的流行病学研究主要集中在饮食方面。无论如何,这些研究的结果显示出一些不一致之处,除了大量摄入蔬菜和水果(在较小程度上)的有益作用。体重和身高也被研究过,部分原因是它们反映了不同年龄段能量摄入和消耗之间的平衡。能量摄入、体型和身体活动将在本文中进行回顾,主要关注来自意大利、英国和斯堪的纳维亚研究的最新数据。长期以来,超重一直被认为是激素相关癌症和其他癌症的风险因素,这不仅从病例对照研究中得到了证实,而且从大型队列研究中也得到了证实。意大利近期研究的主要发现是,不同年龄段的超重可以预测男性患结肠直肠癌的风险,而在女性中,高腰臀比表明的腹部肥胖是更可靠的风险指标。如果所有男性都能将体重指数降至25以下,那么在意大利,大约9%的男性结直肠癌可能会被避免。WHR低于0.82可能使女性结直肠癌发病率降低19%。此外,流行病学证据一致表明,体育活动可以降低患结肠癌的风险。相反,关于直肠癌的证据就不那么令人印象深刻了。体力活动的强度和持续时间仍然存在一些不确定性。总之,在生活和身体活动中控制体型是预防结肠癌和各种慢性疾病的重要因素。因此,应实施战略,通过卫生保健提供者的咨询、规章制度的改变和针对个人和社区的规划来促进这些目标。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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