Wilhelm Friebe and Mikhail Chulkov on Russian Mercantilism

IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY
Tilman Plath
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Abstract

On the basis of two treatises on the history of trade, the article considers the economic views of two scientists from different circles – German- and Russian-speaking scientific communities in St. Petersburg during the Enlightenment. It shows that although Chulkov and Friebe had no contact with each other, they held fairly similar views on the European concept of mercantilism. Both considered themselves to be great patriots of the Russian empire. As far as a detailed understanding of the term wealth, Chulkov was more inclined towards an almost religious framework, while Friebe clearly revolved around exclusively monetary issues. Both supported the independence of the local industry. According to the doctrine of mercantilism, both advocated trade, but Chulkov focused on domestic trade, while Friebe - on foreign trade. With regard to the impact of trade on the social dimension of society, Chulkov certainly backed the interests of Russian merchants, while for Friebe ethnicity was crucial. He depicted Baltic Germans performing especially brilliantly in trade in contrast to Jews portrayed in the darkest antisemitic manner. Accordingly, Chulkov considered the new Baltic provinces foreign, but Friebe, who himself lived there, regarded this territory as the key to modernization of Russia. In general, this article is an example of how the Russian science developed its own character against the background of the European phenomenon of enlightenment, with a special focus on economic thinking in late mercantilism.
威廉·弗里比和米哈伊尔·丘尔科夫论俄国重商主义
在两篇关于贸易历史的论文的基础上,本文考察了启蒙运动时期圣彼得堡德语和俄语科学界的两位不同领域的科学家的经济观点。这表明,虽然丘尔科夫和弗里贝彼此没有接触,但他们对欧洲重商主义概念的看法相当相似。两人都认为自己是俄罗斯帝国的伟大爱国者。至于对财富一词的详细理解,丘尔科夫更倾向于一种近乎宗教的框架,而弗里比显然只围绕着货币问题。他们都支持当地工业的独立。根据重商主义的教义,两人都主张贸易,但丘尔科夫侧重于国内贸易,而弗里贝侧重于对外贸易。关于贸易对社会社会层面的影响,丘尔科夫当然支持俄罗斯商人的利益,而对弗里贝来说,种族是至关重要的。他描绘了波罗的海的德国人在贸易上表现得特别出色,而犹太人则以最黑暗的反犹方式被描绘出来。因此,丘尔科夫认为新的波罗的海省份是外来的,但弗里比本人就住在那里,他认为这片领土是俄罗斯现代化的关键。总的来说,这篇文章是俄罗斯科学如何在欧洲启蒙现象的背景下发展自己的特点的一个例子,特别关注晚期重商主义的经济思想。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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CiteScore
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20
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