Is Glyphosate a Key Factor in Mesoamerican Nephropathy

S. Seneff, L. Orlando
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引用次数: 8

Abstract

Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN), also known as chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu), is an unusual form of kidney disease not associated with diabetes, hypertension, or glomerular nephritis. It has a number of known risk factors, none of which adequately explain the skyrocketing prevalence of the disease among sugarcane workers in El Salvador and Nicaragua. In this paper, we narrow the research focus from agricultural chemicals, in general, to glyphosate, in particular, an herbicide routinely used on sugarcane. We explain how glyphosate compellingly contributes to CKDu, by reviewing the evidence for glyphosate’s direct toxicity to kidneys and showing how the herbicide amplifies the damage to kidneys from other known risk factors. Using standard web search on index words and phrases, we gathered and perused a large collection of papers describing the pathology of MeN and associated metrics, on the one hand, and the mechanisms of toxicity of glyphosate in humans, animals and in in vitro studies, on the other hand. We show that glyphosate is used on sugarcane in three distinct ways, with exposure greatest when the herbicide is used as a ripener near harvest time. We identify several pathologies associated with MeN that have been found to be implicated in papers on glyphosate exposure, such as enhancing the growth of Clostridia species and fungus, promoting arsenic toxicity, suppressing the synthesis of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), disrupting fructose metabolism, and promoting dehydration and high serum urate. A companion paper explains how glyphosate’s substitution for glycine could cause additional renal damage. Together, these two papers strongly suggest that glyphosate is a causative agent in CKDu. Overall, the research literature provides compelling evidence that glyphosate exposure is a significant factor in MeN. Glyphosate usage on crops should be curtailed in order to protect the agricultural worker population from this devastating and life-threatening disease.
草甘膦是中美洲肾病的关键因素吗
中美洲肾病(MeN),也被称为病因不明的慢性肾病(CKDu),是一种不寻常的肾脏疾病,与糖尿病、高血压或肾小球肾炎无关。它有许多已知的危险因素,但没有一个能充分解释萨尔瓦多和尼加拉瓜的甘蔗工人中此病发病率飙升的原因。在本文中,我们将研究重点从一般的农业化学品缩小到草甘膦,特别是一种常规用于甘蔗的除草剂。我们通过回顾草甘膦对肾脏的直接毒性的证据,并展示除草剂如何放大其他已知危险因素对肾脏的损害,解释草甘膦如何引人注目地促进CKDu。通过对索引词和短语的标准网络搜索,我们收集并仔细阅读了大量论文,这些论文一方面描述了MeN的病理和相关指标,另一方面描述了草甘膦在人类、动物和体外研究中的毒性机制。我们表明,草甘膦以三种不同的方式用于甘蔗,当除草剂在接近收获季节时用作催熟剂时,暴露最大。我们确定了几种与男性相关的病理,这些病理与草甘膦暴露的论文有关,如促进梭状芽孢杆菌和真菌的生长,促进砷毒性,抑制促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)的合成,破坏果糖代谢,促进脱水和高血清尿酸。另一篇论文解释了草甘膦替代甘氨酸如何造成额外的肾脏损害。总之,这两篇论文有力地表明草甘膦是CKDu的致病因子。总的来说,研究文献提供了令人信服的证据,表明草甘膦暴露是男性的重要因素。应减少对作物使用草甘膦,以保护农业工人免受这种毁灭性和危及生命的疾病的侵害。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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