A new species of Lagenophrys (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) symbiotic on marine amphipods

J. Clamp
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引用次数: 12

Abstract

Lagenophrys crutchfieldi n. sp., a loricate peritrich, is an ectocommensal on two species of the marine amphipod genus Parhyale and becomes one of the few species in its genus known to occur on marine hosts. Differences in the distribution of L. crutchfieldi on the bodies of its two hosts may be linked to a difference in the force of their respiratory currents, which carry food particles to the ciliates. L. crutchfieldi is one of a small group of species in its genus hosted by talitroid amphipods, but there is no indication that members of this group have a close phylogenetic relationship. The 54 species in the peritrich genus Lagenophrys live as ectocommensals on crustaceans in many types of habitats throughout the world (Clamp, 1991); however, only five of them occur on marine or estuarine hosts. Lagenophrys eupagurus Kellicott, 1893 and the closely related L. callinectes Couch, 1967 are found on marine and estuarine decapods (Clamp, 1989; Couch, 1967), but the former species also is widespread on freshwater decapods (Clamp, 1989). Both L. cochinensis Santhakumari, 1976 and L. limnoria Clamp, 1988 are symbionts of wood-boring isopods (Clamp, 1988a; Santhakumari, 1976; Santhakumari & Gopalan, 1980; Santhakumari & Nair, 1985). Lagenophrys tattersalli Willis, 1942 occurs on the gills of marine amphipods in Great Britain (Willis, 1942) and France (Clamp, unpublished observations). Also, Fenchel (1965) reported an undescribed species of Lagenophrys from marine amphipods collected in the coastal waters of Denmark. I have discovered and describe herein an additional marine species of Lagenophrys on two members of the amphipod genus Parhyale Stebbing, 1897, whose species are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical environments (Barnard, 1979; Shoemaker, 1956). MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of Parhyale hawaiensis (Dana, 1853) were collected with a dip net. They were fixed in Bouin's fluid for 24 h and transferred to 70% ethyl alcohol for preservation. Samples of L. crutchfieldi also were obtained from specimens of P. hawaiensis and P. penicillata Shoemaker, 1956 in the crustacean collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution (herein referred to as NMNH-CC). Permanent preparations were made by staining with Heidenhain's iron hematoxylin and protargol. Copper was omitted from the protargol solution. Some I I thank Dr. Austin B. Williams for arranging my visit to the crustacean collection of the National Museum of Natural History and Dave Penrose, who helped me collect amphipods on a memorable trip to Florida. Publication costs, in part, are being met by a grant from the Spencer-Tolles Fund of the American Microscopical Society. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 112(1): 62-68. 1993. ? Copyright, 1993, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.124 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:21:34 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 112, NO. 1, JANUARY 1993 ciliates were examined alive, but only fixed and stained material was used for drawings and measurements (see Clamp, 1990). Two samples of individuals stained with hematoxylin were measured with a filar micrometer. Only individuals oriented with their dorsal surface toward the observer and with their ventral surface parallel to the plane of the slide, or nearly so, were selected for measurement. Height of the lorica was measured by using the calibrated scale on the fine focusing knob of the microscope to determine the focal distance between the lorica's dorsal and ventral surfaces. Phase-contrast microscopy was used for this measurement because of the transparency of the lorica.
在海洋片足类动物上共生的Lagenophrys一新种
Lagenophrys crutchfieldi n. sp.是一种腐殖藻,与两种海洋片足类动物Parhyale属发生外共生,成为其属中少数已知发生在海洋寄主上的物种之一。在两个寄主的身体上分布的差异可能与它们的呼吸气流的力量不同有关,呼吸气流将食物颗粒带到纤毛虫身上。L. crutchfieldi是其属中一小群由石足类片足类动物寄主的物种之一,但没有迹象表明这一类群的成员有密切的系统发育关系。富营养化属Lagenophrys有54种,它们以外共生的形式生活在世界各地多种生境的甲壳类动物上(Clamp, 1991);然而,其中只有五种发生在海洋或河口宿主上。在海洋和河口十足类中发现了Lagenophrys eupagurus Kellicott, 1893和近亲L. callinectes Couch, 1967 (Clamp, 1989;Couch, 1967),但前者也广泛存在于淡水十足类动物中(Clamp, 1989)。L. cochinensis Santhakumari, 1976和L. limnoria Clamp, 1988都是蛀木等足类的共生体(Clamp, 1988a;Santhakumari, 1976;Santhakumari & Gopalan, 1980;Santhakumari & Nair, 1985)。在英国(Willis, 1942)和法国(Clamp,未发表的观察结果),在海洋片脚类动物的鳃上发现了Lagenophrys tattersalli Willis, 1942)。此外,Fenchel(1965)报道了在丹麦沿海水域收集的海洋片脚类动物中未被描述的一种Lagenophrys。我在本文中发现并描述了一种附加的海洋物种Lagenophrys,在两种片脚类动物属Parhyale Stebbing的成员上,1897,其物种广泛分布于热带和亚热带环境(Barnard, 1979;鞋匠,1956)。材料与方法采用蘸网法采集夏威夷斑蝽(Dana, 1853)标本。在布因氏液中固定24小时,然后转移到70%乙醇中保存。在美国史密森学会国家自然历史博物馆(以下简称NMNH-CC) 1956年的甲壳类标本中,从夏威夷p.a hnichaensis和P. penicillata Shoemaker中获得了L. crutchfieldi的样本。用Heidenhain铁、苏木精和protargol染色制备永久性制剂。原targol溶液中省略了铜。我要感谢奥斯汀·b·威廉姆斯博士安排我参观国家自然历史博物馆的甲壳类动物收藏,感谢戴夫·彭罗斯在一次难忘的佛罗里达之旅中帮助我收集片脚类动物。出版费用的一部分由美国显微学会的斯宾塞-托尔斯基金资助。反式。点。MICROSC。Soc。生物医学工程学报,12(1):62-68。1993. ? 版权所有,1993年,美国显微学会,Inc。此内容下载自207.46.13.124星期三,2016年6月22日05:21:34 UTC所有使用受http://about.jstor.org/terms卷112,NO。1993年1月1日,纤毛虫被活体检查,但只使用固定和染色的材料进行绘图和测量(见Clamp, 1990)。用丝状千分尺对苏木精染色个体的两个样品进行了测量。只有背面朝向观察者,腹面平行于或接近于幻灯片平面的个体才被选中进行测量。使用显微镜精细聚焦旋钮上的校准刻度测量门静脉高度,以确定门静脉背面和腹面之间的焦距。由于lorica的透明性,我们使用了相衬显微镜进行测量。
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