Perspectives on cancer and phytotherapy: an overview focusing on Polypodium leucotomos therapeutic properties

Abstract

Abbreviations: PL, Polypodium leucotomos; UV, ultraviolet radiation; DNA, desoxirribonucleic acid; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; CAMs, complementary and alternative medicines; MMPs, matrix metalloproteins; ECM, extracellular matrix; TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor; TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta; ROS reactive oxygen species; MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase; NF-κB, factor nuclear kappa B; AP-1, activator protein 1; CPD, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, GPx4, glutathione peroxidase 4; COX-2, ciclo-oxigenase-2; 8-MOP, 8-methoxypsoralen; 5-MOP, 5-methoxypsoralen; TNFs, tumor necrosis factors; iNOS, nitric oxide synthase; PMLE, polymorphic light eruption; AKs, Actinic keratosis; PDT, photodynamic therapy; OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma