Race science in the Latin world: An afterword

Abstract

In 1819, in the waning years of Latin America’s wars of independence, Simon Bolivar addressed the Congress of Angostura in what became one of his most famous speeches. In the broader address he proposed specific guidelines regarding the rule of law, but he also spoke about the unique obstacles facing the fledgling and emerging nations of the Americas. Specifically, he brought up the question of race. He wrote: