Action of Surfactants in Driving Ecotoxicity of Microplastic-Nano Metal Oxides Mixtures: A Case Study on Daphnia magna under Different Nutritional Conditions

C. Guerranti, S. Anselmi, Francesca Provenza, A. Blašković, M. Renzi
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引用次数: 3

Abstract

The series of experiments presented in the paper served to clarify the effects of contemporary exposure to surfactant, microplastics (polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride), and nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO) on the model organism Daphnia magna. Exposure was evaluated with respect to the age of the organisms (“young”, 24 hours old, and “aged” 10 days old specimens), trophic status (feeding or fasting), and the simultaneous presence of a surfactant. All the above-mentioned substances are present in the wastewater coming from various environmental sources from cosmetic products. The experiments were conducted in compliance with the OECD 202:2004 guideline, which is also a reference for ecotoxicity tests required by REACH. The results showed that surfactants enhance effects of toxicity produced by the exposure to the microplastic + nanoparticle mixtures. The influence due to factors such as nutrition (effect in fasting >> feeding conditions) and the age of individuals (effects in older >> younger animals) is essential. Concerning young individuals, exposure to PE-TiO2 is the most significant in terms of effects produced: it is very significant, especially in the presence of surfactant (both under fasting and feeding conditions). On the contrary, exposure to the PE-Zn mixture shows the minor effects. The comparison with the literature, especially as regards the possibility of interpreting the toxicity trends for the various mixtures with respect to the individual elements that compose them, leads to hypothesize additive effects still to be investigated and confirms the greatest toxicity contribution of TiO2.
表面活性剂对微塑料-纳米金属氧化物混合物生态毒性的影响——以不同营养条件下大水蚤为例
本文提出的一系列实验旨在阐明暴露于表面活性剂、微塑料(聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯)和纳米颗粒(TiO2和ZnO)对模式生物大水蚤的影响。对暴露进行了评估,包括微生物的年龄(“年轻”、24小时大、10天大的标本)、营养状态(进食或禁食)以及表面活性剂的同时存在。上述所有物质都存在于各种环境来源的化妆品废水中。实验是按照OECD 202:2004指南进行的,该指南也是REACH要求的生态毒性测试的参考。结果表明,表面活性剂增强了微塑料+纳米颗粒混合物的毒性作用。营养(对禁食的影响>>饲养条件)和个体年龄(对老年动物的影响>>年轻动物)等因素的影响是必不可少的。对于年轻个体,PE-TiO2暴露在产生的影响是最显著的:它是非常显著的,特别是在表面活性剂存在的情况下(无论是在禁食和喂养条件下)。相反,暴露于PE-Zn混合物中影响较小。通过与文献的比较,特别是在解释各种混合物相对于组成它们的单个元素的毒性趋势的可能性方面,导致假设的加性效应仍有待研究,并证实了TiO2的最大毒性贡献。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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