Animal Research, Animal Welfare, and the Three R's*

Abstract

The last 50 years have witnessed a dazzling array of social and ethical revolutions in Western society. Such movements as feminism, civil rights, environmentalism, affirmative action, consumer advocacy, pro-and anti-abortion activism, homosexual rights, children‟s rights, the student movement, antiwar activism and public rejection of biotechnology have changed the way in which governments and public institutions comport themselves. This is equally true for private enterprise: to be successful, businesses and institutions must be seen as operating solidly in harmony with changing and emerging social ethics.