{"title":"Greywater reuse systems for toilet flushing in multi-storey buildings – over ten years experience in Berlin","authors":"Erwin Nolde","doi":"10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00023-6","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water reuse<span> in Germany has gained in significance in the last 10 years. Several greywater systems, built according to guidelines introduced in 1995, operate today with no public health risk. Two greywater treatment systems are described in this paper: a rotary biological contactor (RBC) built in 1989 for 70 persons, and a fluidized-bed reactor for a one-family household built in 1995 as the biological stage for the treatment of household greywater for use in toilet flushing. Both systems were optimized in the following years with consideration of a minimal energy and maintenance demand. As numerous investigations have shown, biological treatment of the greywater is indispensable in order to guarantee a risk-free service water for reuse applications other than potable water.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":101268,"journal":{"name":"Urban Water","volume":"1 4","pages":"Pages 275-284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2000-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1462-0758(00)00023-6","citationCount":"364","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Urban Water","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462075800000236","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 364
Abstract
Water reuse in Germany has gained in significance in the last 10 years. Several greywater systems, built according to guidelines introduced in 1995, operate today with no public health risk. Two greywater treatment systems are described in this paper: a rotary biological contactor (RBC) built in 1989 for 70 persons, and a fluidized-bed reactor for a one-family household built in 1995 as the biological stage for the treatment of household greywater for use in toilet flushing. Both systems were optimized in the following years with consideration of a minimal energy and maintenance demand. As numerous investigations have shown, biological treatment of the greywater is indispensable in order to guarantee a risk-free service water for reuse applications other than potable water.
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