Na‐Ion Battery with Graphite Anode and Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode via Solvent‐Co‐Intercalation Process

Abstract

Spent Li‐ion batteries are efficiently recycled by extracting and reusing the anode active material, graphite, through a simple yet effective and scalable technique as anode for the sodium‐ion battery (SIB). The recovered graphite (RG) half‐cell rendered a capacity of >120 mAh g−1 via the solvent‐co‐intercalation process. An in situ impedance is performed to assess the robustness of the electrolyte for the extended cycling. The performance of RG is evaluated in a full‐cell with carbon‐coated Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, which exhibits capacity retention of 78% after 100 cycles. In addition, a temperature dependence performance of the full‐cell is studied from −10 to 40 °C, where it exhibits outstanding low‐temperature performance. The full‐cell provides an energy density of 78 Wh kg−1 at ambient temperature conditions. Recovery of active materials for SIB will drive down the cost/kWh and act as a green technology to dispose of spent Li‐ion batteries.