Cognitive biases are associated with clinical and functional variables in psychosis: A comparison across schizophrenia, early psychosis and healthy individuals

Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.rpsmen.2021.03.004

Maribel Ahuir , Josep Maria Crosas , Francesc Estrada , Wanda Zabala , Sara Pérez-Muñoz , Alba González-Fernández , Meritxell Tost , Raquel Aguayo , Itziar Montalvo , Maria José Miñano , Estefania Gago , Montserrat Pàmias , José Antonio Monreal , Diego Palao , Javier Labad

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Abstract

Objective

We investigated the presence of cognitive biases in people with a recent-onset psychosis (ROP), schizophrenia and healthy adolescents and explored potential associations between these biases and psychopathology.

Methods

Three groups were studied: schizophrenia (N = 63), ROP (N = 43) and healthy adolescents (N = 45). Cognitive biases were assessed with the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ). Positive, negative and depressive symptoms were assessed with the PANSS and Calgary Depression Scale (ROP; schizophrenia) and with the CAPE-42 (healthy adolescents). Cannabis use was registered. The association between CBQ and psychopathology scales was tested with multiple linear regression analyses.

Results

People with schizophrenia reported more cognitive biases (46.1 ± 9.0) than ROP (40 ± 5.9), without statistically significant differences when compared to healthy adolescents (43.7 ± 7.3). Cognitive biases were significantly associated with positive symptoms in both healthy adolescents (Standardized β = 0.365, p = 0.018) and people with psychotic disorders (β = 0.258, p = 0.011). Cognitive biases were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in healthy adolescents (β = 0.359, p = 0.019) but in patients with psychotic disorders a significant interaction between schizophrenia diagnosis and CBQ was found (β = 1.804, p = 0.011), which suggests that the pattern differs between ROP and schizophrenia groups (positive association only found in the schizophrenia group). Concerning CBQ domains, jumping to conclusions was associated with positive and depressive symptoms in people with schizophrenia and with cannabis use in ROP individuals. Dichotomous thinking was associated with positive and depressive symptoms in all groups.

Conclusions

Cognitive biases contribute to the expression of positive and depressive symptoms in both people with psychotic disorders and healthy individuals.

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认知偏差与精神病的临床和功能变量相关:精神分裂症、早期精神病和健康个体的比较

目的研究新发精神病(ROP)、精神分裂症患者和健康青少年中存在的认知偏差，并探讨这些偏差与精神病理之间的潜在关联。方法分为精神分裂症(N = 63)、ROP (N = 43)和健康青少年(N = 45)3组。认知偏差采用精神病认知偏差问卷(CBQ)进行评估。采用PANSS和卡尔加里抑郁量表(ROP)评估阳性、阴性和抑郁症状;精神分裂症)和CAPE-42(健康青少年)。大麻使用已登记。运用多元线性回归分析检验CBQ与精神病理量表的相关性。结果精神分裂症患者的认知偏差(46.1 ± 9.0)高于ROP患者(40 ± 5.9)，与健康青少年(43.7 ± 7.3)比较差异无统计学意义。在健康青少年(标准化β = 0.365,p = 0.018)和精神障碍患者(β = 0.258,p = 0.011)中，认知偏差与阳性症状显著相关。在健康青少年中，认知偏差与抑郁症状显著相关(β = 0.359,p = 0.019)，但在精神障碍患者中，精神分裂症诊断与CBQ之间存在显著的相互作用(β = 1.804,p = 0.011)，这表明ROP与精神分裂症组之间存在模式差异(仅在精神分裂症组中发现正相关)。关于CBQ域，过早下结论与精神分裂症患者的阳性和抑郁症状以及ROP个体的大麻使用有关。在所有组中，二元思维都与阳性和抑郁症状相关。结论认知偏差对精神障碍患者和健康个体的阳性和抑郁症状的表达都有影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition)

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